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The 

Scottish 

Naturalist 


THE  NATURAL 
HISTORY  MUSEUM 

<3  1995 

PRESENTED 
GENERAL  LIBRARY 


Volume  107  1995 

Part  One 


Annual  Subscription  £ 35.00 


A Journal  of  Scottish  Natural  History 


THE  SCOTTISH  NATURALIST 

Founded  1871 

A Journal  of  Scottish  Natural  History 

Editorial  Committee: 

J.A.  Gibson 
John  Hamilton 
John  C.  Smyth 
A.  Rodger  Waterston 

THE  SCOTTISH  NATURAL  HISTORY  LIBRARY 
Foremount  House,  Kilbarchan,  Renfrewshire  PA10  2EZ 

The  Scottish  Naturalist,  now  published  by  the  Scottish  Natural  History 
Library,  is  an  independent  journal  primarily  devoted  to  the  study  of  Scottish 
natural  history.  It  was  founded  in  1871  by  Dr.  F.  Buchanan  White,  of 
Perthshire,  and  in  1988  completed  one  hundred  years  of  publication.  For  a 
summary  of  the  record  of  publication,  see  the  inside  back  cover. 

Although  the  journal's  main  interests  have  always  centred  on  the  history  and 
distribution  of  Scottish  fauna  and  flora,  it  is  prepared  to  publish  contributions 
on  the  many  aspects  of  Scottish  natural  science  embraced  by  its  title,  including 
Zoology,  Botany,  Geology,  History,  Geography,  Medicine  and  the  allied 
sciences,  Archaeology,  and  the  Environment. 

All  papers  and  notes  for  publication,  or  books  for  review,  should  be  sent  to 
the  Editors  at  the  Scottish  Natural  History  Library,  Foremount  House, 
Kilbarchan,  Renfrewshire  PA10  2EZ. 

Contributions  should  be  clearly  written;  whenever  possible  they  should  be 
typed,  double-spaced,  on  one  side  of  the  paper,  with  adequate  margins,  and 
should  try  to  conform  to  the  general  style  and  arrangement  of  papers  and  notes 
in  the  current  number  of  the  journal.  Maps,  diagrams  and  graphs  should  be 
drawn  in  black  ink  on  white  unlined  paper.  Photographs  should  be  on  glossy 
paper.  Proofs  of  all  contributions  will  be  sent  to  authors  and  should  be 
returned  without  delay. 

Authors  of  papers,  but  not  of  short  notes,  will  receive  thirty  reprints  in 
covers  free  of  charge.  Additional  reprints  may  be  ordered,  at  cost,  when  the 
proofs  are  returned. 

The  Scottish  Naturalist  is  usually  published  three  times  a year.  The 
standard  annual  subscription  is  £35.00,  which  should  be  sent  to  the  Editors  at 
the  Library  address.  Members  of  recognised  natural  history  organisations, 
however,  can  receive  the  Scottish  Naturalist  at  a greatly  reduced  subscription; 
for  details  apply  to  the  Editors. 


THE  SCOTTISH  NATURALIST 


Founded  1 871 

A Journal  of  Scottish  Natural  History 

With  which  is  incorporated  The  Annals  of  Scottish  Natural  History 

and  The  Western  Naturalist 

107th  Year  1995 


CONTENTS 
1995  - Part  1 

The  New  Statistical  Account  of  Scotland,  1834-45: 

Correct  Publication  Dates  of  the  Parish  Accounts 

By  Dr.  J A.  Gibson  3-52 

The  Marine  Fauna  of  the  St.  Kilda  Archipelago 

By  Mr.  J.R.  Ellis,  Mr.  P S.  Cadman,  Dr.  S B.  Piertney  and 
Mr.  D.L.  Geiger  53-70 

Increase  of  the  Lesser  Rorqual  in  the  Clyde  Faunal  Area 

By  Dr.  J.A.  Gibson  71-73 

Notes  on  the  Bumble-bees  of  the  Cumbrae  Islands 

By  Dr.  J.A.  Gibson  75-81 


Published  by  The  Scottish  Natural  History  Library 


EDITORS 


J.A.  Gibson 
John  Hamilton 
John  C.  Smyth 
A.  Rodger  Waterston 


All  items  for  publication  should  be  sent  to  the  Editors  at 
The  Scottish  Natural  History  Library 
Foremount  House,  Kilbarchan,  Renfrewshire  PA10  2EZ 


ISSN  0268-3385 


Published  by 


THE  SCOTTISH  NATURAL  HISTORY  LIBRARY 


1995 


New  Statistical  Account:  Correct  Publication  Dates 


3 


THE  NEW  STATISTICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  SCOTLAND,  1834-45: 
CORRECT  PUBLICATION  DATES  OF  THE  PARISH  ACCOUNTS 


By  J.A.  GIBSON 

Representative  for  Scotland, 

Society  for  the  History  of  Natural  History 


Introduction 

There  have  been  three  Statistical  Accounts  of  Scotland;  the  first,  called  the 
Statistical  Account  of  Scotland,  of  the  1790s  (frequently,  although  somewhat 
incorrectly,  referred  to  as  the  [Old]  Statistical  Account );  the  second,  called  the 
New  Statistical  Account  of  Scotland,  from  1834  to  1845;  and  the  Third 
Statistical  Account  of  Scotland,  from  1951  to  1992,  just  completed  after  over 
forty  years  in  progress. 

These  three  Statistical  Accounts  provide  us  with  a unique  series  of  reference 
works  for  research  into  so  many  aspects  of  our  country's  historical  past  and 
development.  To  the  best  of  my  knowledge,  nothing  quite  like  them  exists  for  any 
other  country  in  the  world,  and  taken  together  they  provide  a matchless 
comparable  record  of  all  aspects  of  Scotland  and  Scottish  life  over  the  past  two 
centuries. 

Correct  dating  is  vital  for  all  historical  research,  but  is  particularly  so  for 
investigations  into  natural  science,  where  questions  of  priority  can  arise.  There  is 
no  difficulty  in  dating  items  in  the  original  Statistical  Account,  or  the  Third 
Statistical  Account,  but  dating  of  the  New  Statistical  Account  has  frequently 
become  confused,  because  of  the  various  forms  in  which  the  New  Statistical 
Account  was  made  available  to  the  public.  This  is  particularly  unfortunate,  since  it 
is  the  New  Statistical  Account  which  contains  far  and  away  the  most  important 
natural  history  information.  These  historical  bibliographical  notes  are  therefore 
offered  in  the  hope  that  they  may  redress  any  previous  errors  and  ensure  that  future 
references  to  natural  history  material  in  the  New  Statistical  Account  are  correctly 
dated. 

THE  STATISTICAL  ACCOUNT 

The  original  Statistical  Account  of  the  1790s  was  a remarkable  production, 
the  brain-child  of  an  inspired  Sir  John  Sinclair,  who  did  something  very  simple,  but 
like  so  many  strokes  of  genius  this  very  simple  thing  had  never  been  done  before. 


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Pioneer  Survey 

Sir  John  asked  all  the  local  parish  ministers  throughout  Scotland  to  provide  him 
with  information  on  as  many  aspects  of  their  respective  parishes  as  possible,  and 
then  he  published  the  results.  This,  however,  was  no  easy  task.  Sir  John 
commenced  the  work  in  May  1790  by  sending  every  parish  minister  a Query, 
which  asked  three  pages  of  questions  "laid  down  for  drawing  up  the  Statistical 
Account  of  their  respective  Parishes".  Many  ministers  replied  very  quickly,  but 
several  subsequent  Queries  had  to  be  sent  "to  the  deficient  Clergy",  and  Sir  John 
had  to  overcome  many  delays  and  difficulties,  including  initial  suspicion  and  even 
hostility.  In  fact,  during  the  first  two  years  of  the  survey  he  wrote  "many 
thousand"  letters. 

Original  Aim 

On  the  publication  of  the  first  volume,  Sir  John  wrote,  on  25th  May  1791,  that 
his  "original  idea  was,  to  have  drawn  up  from  their  returns  a general  Statistical 
view  of  North  Britain,  without  any  particular  reference  to  Parochial  districts.  But  I 
found  such  merit  and  ability,  and  so  many  useful  facts  and  important  observations 
in  the  answers  which  were  sent  me,  that  I could  not  think  of  depriving  the  Clergy 
of  the  credit  they  were  entitled  to  derive  from  such  laborious  exertions;  and  I was 
thence  induced  to  give  the  Work  to  the  Public  in  its  present  shape". 

Because  of  the  very  pioneer  nature  of  the  survey,  Sir  John  just  had  to  present 
what  was  provided  by  each  minister,  edited  as  closely  as  possible  into  a uniform 
format,  so  apart  from  the  basic  ecclesiastical  and  social  descriptions  of  each  parish, 
these  parish  accounts  varied  enormously,  depending  on  the  particular  knowledge 
and  interests  of  each  minister,  which  was  perfectly  understandable. 

Statistical 

Sir  John  defined  Statistical  as  "an  inquiry  into  the  state  of  a country,  for  the 
purpose  of  ascertaining  the  quantum  of  happiness  enjoyed  by  its  inhabitants,  and 
the  means  of  its  future  improvement",  and  the  name  remained  in  use  over  the  next 
two  hundred  years. 

Format 

The  first  Statistical  Account  was  published  in  twenty-one  volumes  (originally 
in  stiffened  paper  or  cardboard  light-blue  covers  with  paper,  partly  handwritten, 
spine-labels)  between  1791  and  1799.  Each  volume,  containing  approximately 


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550-650  pages,  was  published  as  soon  as  sufficient  material  had  arrived  to  fill  a 
volume. 


"It  would  have  been  more  desirable  to  have  had  the  accounts  of  the 
different  Parishes  arranged  by  Presbyteries  or  Counties,  for  the  purpose  of 
connexion,  and  to  prevent  repetition,  where  the  circumstances  of  the 
different  districts  were  nearly  similar.  But  it  was  not  to  be  expected  that 
complete  information  respecting  any  one  of  the  larger  divisions  of  the 
Kingdom,  could  at  once  be  obtained". 

The  various  parish  accounts  were  therefore  issued  more  or  less  just  in  the  order 
in  which  they  were  received,  with  no  attempt  made  to  collect  the  parishes  into 
counties. 

Eventually,  "on  the  1 st  day  of  January  1 798,  or  seven  years,  seven  months,  and 
seven  days,  from  the  commencement  of  the  attempt".  Sir  John  was  able  to 
announce  proudly  that  every  parish  in  Scotland  had  been  covered  "without  a single 
one  being  omitted",  and  the  final  two  volumes  contained  additions  and  corrections, 
an  index  to  all  parishes,  and  surprisingly  comprehensive  indexes  to  all  subjects. 
Collectively,  these  twenty-one  volumes  give  us  a wonderful  picture  of  all  parts  of 
our  country  at  the  end  of  the  1 8th  century,  with  information  ranging  widely  over 
many  different  fields. 

Agriculture 

Progress  in  agricultural  developments  and  animal  husbandry  in  Scotland  had 
received  great  impetus  at  the  end  of  the  18th  century,  as  witness  the  series  of 

volumes,  each  on  a General  View  of  the  Agriculture of  most  of  the  Scottish 

counties,  "drawn  up  for  the  consideration  of  the  Board  of  Agriculture  and  Internal 
Improvement"  during  the  1790s.  These  volumes  clearly  stimulated  interest  in 
agriculture  and  related  subjects,  particularly  in  the  rural  (by  far  the  majority) 
parishes  of  Scotland.  It  is  therefore  not  surprising  that  many  parish  accounts  in  the 
first  Statistical  Account  made  reference  to  agricultural  activities,  game 
preservation  or,  where  appropriate  in  coastal  parishes,  local  fishing  industries. 
These  contributions  are  sometimes  of  importance. 

Natural  History 

With  regard  to  natural  history  per  se,  however,  the  majority  of  parishes  gave  no 
separate  natural  history  notes  of  any  real  consequence,  although  some  did  provide 
important  information,  for  which  it  is  always  well  worth  searching,  and  the 


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occasional  parish  gave  simply  outstanding  natural  history  notes  for  the  period,  e g. 
Luss,  which  have  remained  of  considerable  historical  value  even  up  to  the  present 
day. 


THE  THIRD  STATISTICAL  ACCOUNT 

Publication  of  the  Third  Statistical  Account  commenced  in  1951,  published 
firstly  by  Messrs  Oliver  and  Boyd,  then  by  Collins,  followed  by  the  Scottish 
Council  for  Social  Science,  and  eventually  the  Scottish  Academic  Press.  The 
individual  county  volumes  were  issued  at  very  irregular  intervals,  and  not  in 
sequence  according  to  the  volume  numbering,  as  each  of  the  publishers  gave  up  for 
various  reasons  and  others  took  their  place.  All  told,  however,  thirty-one  county 
volumes  were  published,  between  1951  and  1992,  which  completed  the  series  as 
originally  planned  and  announced.  This  was  a considerable  achievement,  in  the 
face  of  the  various  publishing  difficulties,  but  it  is  very  unfortunate  that  publication 
of  the  entire  series  took  over  forty  years,  thus  precluding  uniformity. 

Format 

For  those  interested  in  the  best  traditions  of  Scottish  book  publishing,  and  who 
appreciate  the  desirability  and  importance  of  long  series  of  historical  and  scientific 
books  and  journals  appearing  in  uniform  size,  it  is  also  heartening  to  be  able  to 
report  that  prompt  action  was  taken  to  ensure  that  all  remaining  volumes  in  the 
Third  Statistical  Account  continued  to  be  published  in  the  correct  size,  i.e.  the 
uniform  size  which  has  applied  to  all  volumes  of  the  three  Statistical  Accounts 
since  the  start,  and  that  there  was  no  repetition  of  the  simply  appalling  set  of 
circumstances  which  led  to  three  volumes  being  issued  in  a format  a full  quarter  of 
an  inch  smaller  than  the  150  parts  and  volumes  published  over  the  past  two 
hundred  years. 

Natural  History 

The  Third  Statistical  Account  (or  at  least  a good  many  of  the  volumes)  had 
most  of  the  proffered  natural  history  notes  edited  out  of  the  parish  accounts 
because  of  lack  of  space  (although  some  of  these  natural  history  accounts  were 
later  issued  separately).  This  was  possibly  understandable,  since  compared  to  the 
pioneer  days  of  the  New  Statistical  Account  a century  previously,  fairly  detailed 
accounts  of  local  natural  history  were  now  available  for  many  parts  of  Scotland. 
Unfortunately,  however,  any  natural  history  notes  which  remain  in  the  Third 
Statistical  Account  are  of  extremely  variable  quality.  Some  are  excellent 
summaries,  but  others  are  quite  inadequate  or  even  blatantly  inaccurate,  apparently 


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because  of  lack  of  knowledge  or  proper  background  research.  In  general, 
therefore,  it  is  wiser  to  ignore  completely  all  natural  history  in  the  Third  Statistical 
Account. 

It  can  therefore  be  seen  that,  with  a few  notable  exceptions,  the  Statistical 
Account  and  Third  Statistical  Account  (for  quite  different  reasons)  should  not 
largely  concern  the  research  worker  in  Scottish  natural  science.  The  New 
Statistical  Account  of  1834-1845,  however,  is  a very  different  matter  indeed. 

THE  NEW  STATISTICAL  ACCOUNT 

Following  on  the  highly  successful  publication  of  the  orginal  Statistical 
Account,  some  thirty  years  later  it  was  decided  to  repeat  the  exercise.  This  was 
sponsored  by  the  Society  instituted  in  Scotland  for  the  Benefit  of  the  Sons  and 
Daughters  of  the  Clergy.  "The  profits,  as  well  as  the  property,  of  the  former 
Account  were  generously  assigned  to  this  Society  by  Sir  John  Sinclair".  The 
Society  appointed  a Superintending  Committee  to  oversee  the  undertaking,  which 
ultimately  resulted  in  a new  edition  of  the  original  Statistical  Account  called  the 
New  Statistical  Account  of  Scotland,  issued  in  parts  from  1834  to  1845. 

In  general  terms  this  followed  the  pattern  originated  by  Sir  John  Sinclair,  but 
there  were  some  significant  differences. 

Format 

From  the  start,  the  clear  aim  was  eventually  to  issue  the  New  Statistical 
Account  in  a series  of  county  volumes,  and  towards  this  end  the  individual  parish 
accounts  were  given  separate  page  numberings  which  were  continued  throughout 
each  county.  The  various  parish  accounts  were  again  published  more  or  less  in  the 
order  in  which  they  were  received  (with  some  exceptions),  but  page  numbers  were 
kept  separate  for  each  county,  for  subsequent  collation.  Thus  the  original 
published  quarterly  parts  might  contain  several  parish  accounts,  each  with  separate 
pagination,  and  not,  as  in  the  original  Statistical  Account  volumes,  continuous 
pagination  regardless  of  contents.  This  'county'  pagination  was  retained  unchanged 
throughout  all  three  formats  of  the  New  Statistical  Account. 

Again,  as  in  the  Statistical  Account,  virtually  all  the  basic  parish  accounts 
were  written,  or  edited,  by  the  parish  ministers,  but  this  time  there  were  also  fairly 
frequent  contributions  by,  or  references  to  assistance  from,  the  local  doctors, 
schoolmasters,  or  landowners,  who  possessed  specialised  knowledge.  To  some 
extent  this  was  the  result  of  the  fairly  detailed  questionnaire  distributed  to  all  the 


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parish  ministers  by  the  Superintending  Committee,  in  an  attempt  to  achieve  a high 
degree  of  uniformity,  with  a request  that  parish  accounts  in  the  New  Statistical 
Account  should  follow  certain  standard  lines.  As  with  the  original  Statistical 
Account,  however,  not  all  ministers  were  able  to  adhere  to  this. 

Natural  History 

From  the  point  of  view  of  natural  history,  however,  there  was  a very  important 
difference.  Interest  in  agriculture  had  been  stimulated  by  the  publication  of  the 
series  of  Agricultural  Surveys  in  the  1 790s,  and  a second  series  issued  more  or  less 
during  the  first  decade  of  the  1800s  further  stimulated  this  interest.  Almost 
certainly  as  a follow-on  from  this,  by  the  1830s- 1840s  natural  history  was  rapidly 
emerging  as  a subject  of  considerable  interest  in  its  own  right.  The  first-ever 
natural  history  society  to  be  established  anywhere  in  the  world,  the  Royal  Physical 
Society  of  Edinburgh,  was  founded  in  1771,  and  before  1850  at  least  four  local 
Scottish  natural  history  societies,  happily  still  in  existence  today,  had  also  been 
established  - Berwickshire  (1831),  Moray  (1836),  Orkney  (1837),  and 
Renfrewshire  (1847).  Other  local  natural  history  societies,  also  still  in  existence, 
soon  followed.  It  is  significant  that  a request  for  natural  history  information  was 
one  of  the  items  specifically  included  in  the  leaflet  circulated  to  the  ministers  by  the 
Superintending  Committee. 

When  the  time  came  to  prepare  the  parish  accounts  for  the  New  Statistical 
Account , therefore,  a substantial  number  of  the  parish  ministers,  sometimes  with 
other  local  skilled  assistance  (as  above),  were  able  to  provide  accounts  of  local 
natural  history  which  were  sometimes  remarkably  knowledgeable  for  the  time  and 
represented  genuine  pioneer  recording  work  of  high  quality.  It  is  not  too  much  to 
say  that,  for  many  parts  of  our  country,  the  first  significant  account  of  the  natural 
history  of  the  area  appeared  in  the  New  Statistical  Account , and  any  subsequent 
work  which  did  not  go  back  to  consult  the  New  Statistical  Account  would  be 
substantially  deficient  or  under- researched.  It  is  therefore  clearly  very  important  to 
establish  the  precise  dates  of  publication. 

Dating  Problems 

Unfortunately,  as  mentioned  earlier,  this  has  frequently  caused  difficulties  and 
confusion  in  the  past,  because  of  the  various  forms  in  which  the  New  Statistical 
Account  was  made  available,  and  dating  has  so  often  been  incorrectly  quoted. 

The  New  Statistical  Account  was  published  in  three  formats: 

1.  First  Edition: 

- 52  quarterly  parts,  from  1834  to  1845. 


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2.  First  Reissue: 

- 33  separate  county  volumes,  from  1841  to  1845. 

3.  Second  Reissue: 

- 15  collected  county  volumes,  in  1845. 

The  page  numbers  allocated  to  the  various  parishes  in  the  original  52  parts 
remained  unchanged  throughout  all  three  formats,  so  there  is  no  problem  with 
pagination,  but  the  original  publication  dates  of  the  parish  accounts  can  be  up  to 
ten  years  earlier  than  the  dates  of  the  later  reissues,  so  it  is  important  to  consider 
each  of  the  three  formats  in  detail. 

The  Scottish  Natural  History  Library  is  fortunate  in  possessing  complete  sets  of 
all  three  formats  of  the  New  Statistical  Account  in  their  original  state. 


N.S.A.  First  Edition;  52  separate  parts,  1834  to  1845 

The  original  publication  of  the  New  Statistical  Account  was  in  the  form  of  52 
separate  parts,  issued  more  or  less  quarterly  between  March  1834  and  October 
1845.  The  parts  were  buff-coloured  paper-back,  each  containing  some  250  pages, 
with  the  final  part  more  than  double  this  size,  since  it  also  included  the  Report  of 
the  Superintending  Committee,  Alphabetical  List  of  Parishes,  General  Index,  and 
Title-Pages  &c. 

Each  part  usually  contained  sections  of  several  counties,  with  each  county 
section  including  the  accounts  of  several  parishes,  numbered  consecutively  within 
each  county  section  with  a view  to  ultimate  collection  into  county  volumes.  This 
pagination  remained  unchanged  throughout  the  two  subsequent  versions. 

Each  parish  account  gave  the  date  of  writing,  plus  the  date  of  any  later  revision, 
and  these,  too,  remained  unchanged  throughout  the  subsequent  reissues.  This 
dating  is  interesting,  but  only  the  date  of  actual  publication  is  conclusive  for  future 
reference  work,  and  these  publication  dates  (month  and  year)  are  given  on  the 
front  cover  (and  spine)  of  each  of  the  52  original  parts. 

To  the  best  of  my  knowledge,  these  actual  publication  dates  appeared  only  on 
the  original  52  parts,  and  were  not  repeated  anywhere  in  the  later  reissued 
versions,  although  the  dates  of  writing  or  revision  were  retained.  To  obtain  the 
correct  dates  of  publication,  therefore,  reference  must  be  made  to  the  original  52 
paper-back  parts. 


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Vol.  107 


The  first  of  these  parts,  published  in  March  1834,  commenced  with  a seven- 
page  Advertisement,  setting  out  what  the  Superintending  Committee  hoped  to 
achieve,  and  with  remarkable  perception  they  stated  that  they  "do  not  hesitate  to 
announce,  that  they  now  present  not  merely  a new  Statistical  Account,  but,  in  a 
great  measure,  the  Statistical  Account  of  a new  country".  Unfortunately,  this 
initial  Advertisement  was  not  included  in  any  of  the  later  county  volumes  nor  in  the 
final  15-volume  collected  set  issued  by  the  Society. 

The  last  of  the  original  52  parts,  published  in  October  1 845,  contained  a five- 
page  final  Report  of  the  Superintending  Committee  (dated  May  1845  and  also 
found,  along  with  the  Alphabetical  List  of  Parishes,  at  the  commencement  of 
Volume  One  of  the  1845  15-volume  collected  set),  and  from  this  it  is  clear  that  the 
ultimate  aim  was  eventually  to  reissue  the  complete  New  Statistical  Account  in 
two  other  versions  - 33  separate  county  volumes  and  a set  of  15  collected  volumes: 


"The  completion  of  the  work,  which  is  now  at  hand,  furnishes  another 
occasion  to  the  Committee  of  respectfully  bringing  the  subject  under  the 
notice  of  the  Assembly.  The  first  Number  was  published  in  March  1834;  the 
last  Number  is  now  at  press,  and  will  appear  in  the  course  of  a few  weeks. 

The  work  is  comprised  in  52  Numbers,  which  were  issued  regularly  at 
stated  times  of  publication.  The  whole,  with  the  Accounts  of  the  different 
parishes  brought  under  their  respective  Counties,  will  be  bound  in  15 
volumes.  At  the  same  time,  the  collected  Accounts  of  each  of  the  Counties 
will  be  published  in  separate  volumes,  - an  arrangement  for  which  the  great 
extent  of  the  undertaking  had  made  it  necessary  to  provide  from  the 
commencement". 

Unfortunately,  taken  at  its  face  value  the  above  Report  is  quite  wrong,  if  by 
"Accounts  of  each  of  the  Counties  will  he  published  in  separate  volumes"  is 
implied  about  to  be  published , since  29  out  of  the  33  separate  county  volumes  had 
already  been  published  during  the  previous  four  years,  1841  to  1844  (see  later). 
Possibly,  however,  simply  imprecise  writing  of  the  Report  was  involved.  It  is  a 
great  pity  that  the  Report  did  not  go  on  to  include  the  precise  publication  dates  of 
the  parish  accounts,  but  presumably  in  those  days  this  was  not  considered  to  be 
important. 

The  original  publication  dates,  with  the  lists  of  contents  of  each  part,  taken 
from  the  Scottish  Natural  History  Library's  original  set,  are  set  out  in  Table  1 , and 
Figure  1 illustrates  the  front  cover  of  one  of  the  original  parts. 


1995 


/Vew  Statistical  Account:  Correct  Publication  Dates 


1 1 


THE  NEW 


STATISTICAL  ACCOUNT 

OF 

SCOTLAND, 


No.  XIV. 

CONTAINING  PART  OF  THE  COUNTY  OF  RENFREW,  AND 
PART  OF  THE  COUNTY  OF  ROXBURGH,  WITH  MAP  OF 

SUTHERLAND. 


PUBLISHED  IN  MAY 

1837. 


WILLIAM  BLACKWOOD  & SONS,  EDINBURGH;  AND 
THOMAS  CADELL,  LONDON. 


PRICE  SIX  SHILLINGS. 


Figure  1 

New  Statistical  Account;  First  Edition 

Front  cover  of  original  part  No.  14,  May  1837 


12 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 


Vol.  107 


Table  1 

PUBLICATION  DATES  AND  CONTENTS  OF  THE  ORIGINAL  PARTS 

Note:  In  the  original  52  parts  the  names  of  the  counties,  with  the  spelling  and 
conventions  in  use  during  the  1830s- 1840s,  were  given  in  full  in  the  running-titles 
at  the  top  of  each  left-hand  page;  these  were  also  the  names  used  on  the  title-pages 
of  the  later  individual  county  volumes.  On  the  front  covers  of  the  52  parts, 
however,  the  county  names  were  usually  shortened  by  the  omission  of  '-shire'.  In 
the  following  list  the  full  county  names,  as  given  in  the  running-titles  and  on  the 
title-pages  of  the  county  volumes,  are  used  throughout. 

For  each  part,  the  number  of  the  part  and  the  date  of  original  publication  are 
given  in  bold  type. 

1.  No.  I.  March  1834. 

Forfarshire,  part. 

Selkirkshire,  complete. 

Selkirkshire,  map. 

2 No.  n.  May  1834. 

Dumfries-shire,  part. 

Dumfries-shire,  map. 

3.  No.  III.  August  1834. 

Peebles-shire,  complete. 

Peebles-shire,  map. 

Lanarkshire,  part. 

4.  No.  IV.  November  1834. 

Sutherlandshire,  part. 

Berwickshire,  part. 

Berwickshire,  map. 

5.  No.  V.  February  1835 

Roxburghshire,  part 
Roxburghshire,  map. 

Forfarshire,  part. 


1995 


New  Statistical  Account:  Correct  Publication  Dates 


13 


6 No.  VI.  May  1835. 

Inverness-shire,  part. 
Inverness-shire,  map. 

Berwickshire,  conclusion. 

7.  No.  VII.  August  1835. 

Lanarkshire,  part. 

Lanarkshire,  map. 

8.  No.  VIII.  November  1835 

Elginshire,  part. 

Haddingtonshire,  part. 
Haddingtonshire,  map. 

9.  No.  IX.  February  1836. 

Dumfries-shire,  part 
Inverness-shire,  part. 

Elginshire  and  Nairnshire,  map. 

10  No.  X.  May  1836. 

Renfrewshire,  part. 

Renfrewshire,  map. 

Fifeshire,  part. 

11.  No.  XI.  August  1836 

Banffshire,  part. 

Banffshire,  map. 

Lanarkshire,  part. 

12.  No.  XII.  November  1836. 

Ross  and  Cromarty,  part. 

Ross  and  Cromarty,  map. 
Forfarshire,  part. 

13.  No.  XIII.  February  1837. 

Haddingtonshire,  part. 

Fifeshire,  part. 


14 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 


Vol.  107 


Fifeshire  and  Kinross-shire,  map. 

14  No.  XIV.  May  1837 

Renfrewshire,  part. 

Roxburghshire,  part. 
Sutherlandshire,  map. 

15.  No.  XV.  August  1837. 

Perthshire,  part. 

Perthshire,  map. 

Clackmannanshire,  map. 

16.  No.  XVI.  November  1837. 

Ayrshire,  part. 

Ayrshire,  map. 

17  No.  XVII.  February  1838. 

Fifeshire,  part. 

Ayrshire,  part. 

Forfarshire,  map. 

18  No.  XVIII.  May  1838. 

Kincardineshire,  part. 
Kincardineshire,  map. 
Dumfries-shire,  conclusion. 

19.  No.  XIX.  August  1838. 

Perthshire,  part. 

Wigtonshire,  map. 

20  No.  XX.  November  1838 

Fifeshire,  part. 

Roxburghshire,  part. 

Stirlingshire,  map. 

21.  No.  XXI.  February  1839 

Wigtonshire,  complete. 


1995 


New  Statistical  Account:  Correct  Publication  Dates 


15 


Ross  and  Cromarty,  part. 
Edinburghshire,  map. 

22  No.  XXII.  May  1839 

Kinross-shire,  complete. 
Haddingtonshire,  conclusion. 
Ayrshire,  part. 

Buteshire,  map. 

23.  No.  XXIII.  August  1839. 

Dumbartonshire,  part. 
Dumbartonshire,  map. 

Perthshire,  part. 

24  No.  XXIV.  November  1839. 

Edinburghshire,  part. 
Roxburghshire,  conclusion. 

Orkney  Islands,  map. 

25  No.  XXV.  February  1840. 

Aberdeenshire,  part. 

Aberdeenshire,  map. 

26  No.  XXVI.  May  1840. 

Lanarkshire,  part. 

Argyleshire,  map. 

27  No.  XXVII.  August  1840. 

Buteshire,  complete. 

Ross  and  Cromarty,  part. 
Dumbartonshire,  conclusion. 
Linlithgowshire,  map. 

28  No.  XXVIII.  November  1840. 

Aberdeenshire,  part. 
Edinburghshire,  part. 
Caithness-shire,  map. 


16 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 


Vol.  107 


29  No.  XXIX.  January  1841. 

Lanarkshire,  conclusion. 

Ross  and  Cromarty,  conclusion. 
Fifeshire,  part. 

30  No.  XXX.  April  1841. 

Caithness-shire,  complete. 
Sutherlandshire,  conclusion. 
Shetland  Islands,  map. 

31  No.  XXXI.  May  1841. 

Inverness-shire,  part. 

Ayrshire,  part. 

32  No.  XXXII.  July  1841 

Stirlingshire,  part. 

33  No.  XXXIII.  September  1841. 

Shetland,  complete. 

Renfrewshire,  part. 

34  No.  XXXIV.  November  1841. 

Stirlingshire,  conclusion. 

Orkney,  part. 

Kirkcudbrightshire,  map 

35  No.  XXXV.  January  1842. 

Clackmannanshire,  complete. 
Renfrewshire,  conclusion. 

Orkney,  conclusion. 

Western  Isles,  map. 

36  No.  XXXVI.  March  1842. 

Inverness-shire,  conclusion. 
Elginshire,  conclusion. 


1995 


New  Statistical  Account:  Correct  Publication  Dates 


17 


37  No.  XXXVII.  May  1842 

Ayrshire,  conclusion. 

Nairnshire,  complete. 

Renfrewshire,  conclusion. 

38  No.  XXXVIII.  July  1842. 

Banffshire,  conclusion. 
Aberdeenshire,  part. 

39.  No.  XXXIX.  September  1842. 

Aberdeenshire,  part. 

40.  No.  XL  November  1842. 

Kincardineshire,  conclusion. 
Forfarshire,  part. 

41.  No.  XLI.  January  1843. 

Perthshire,  part. 

42  No.  XLII.  March  1843. 

Aberdeenshire,  conclusion. 

43  No.  XLIII.  May  1843. 

Aberdeenshire,  appendix. 
Forfarshire,  conclusion. 

Perthshire,  part. 

44  No.  XLIV.  July  1843. 

Linlithgowshire,  complete. 
Perthshire,  part. 

45  No.  XLV.  September  1843 

Argyleshire,  part. 

46.  No.  XLVI.  November  1843. 

Edinburghshire,  part. 

Argyleshire,  part. 


18 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 


Vol.  107 


47  No.  XL VII.  January  1844. 

Perthshire,  conclusion. 

Fifeshire,  part. 

48  No.  XL VIII.  March  1844. 

Kirkcudbrightshire,  part. 

Argyleshire,  part. 

49  No.  XLIX.  June  1844. 

Kirkcudbrightshire,  part. 

Argyleshire,  part. 

Edinburghshire,  part. 

50.  No.  L.  December  1844. 

Kirkcudbrightshire,  conclusion. 
Argyleshire,  conclusion. 

Fifeshire,  part. 

Edinburghshire,  part. 

51  No.  LI.  August  1845. 

Fifeshire,  conclusion. 

52  No.  LII.  October  1845. 

Map  of  Scotland. 

Edinburghshire,  conclusion. 

Report  of  Superintending  Committee. 
Alphabetical  List  of  Parishes. 

General  Index. 

Title-Pages  &c. 


1995 


New  Statistical  Account:  Correct  Publication  Dates 


19 


N.S.A.  First  Reissue;  33  county  volumes,  1841  to  1845 

By  the  end  of  1841,  sixteen  counties  had  been  completed  in  the  paper-back 
parts,  and  in  that  year  fifteen  of  these  separate  county  volumes  were  published 
simultaneously,  with  the  remaining  eighteen  county  volumes  being  published  from 
1842  to  1845  as  the  concluding  parish  accounts  for  each  county  appeared.  In 
total,  thirty-three  individual  county  volumes  were  published  between  1841  and 
1845. 

The  volumes  were  all  bound  in  uniform  green  cloth,  with  paper  printed  spine- 
labels;  for  the  very  thin  volumes,  the  spine-labels  were  instead  pasted  on  the  front 
cover,  with  the  spine  left  blank.  All  thirty-three  volumes  were  un-numbered. 

An  interesting  observation  is  that  each  spine-label  was  marked  New  Statistical 
Account  of  Scotland,  with  the  county  name  below,  but  the  actual  title-page  of 
each  volume  was  marked  The  Statistical  Account  of  [name  of  county],  with  the 
word  New  omitted.  Figure  2 shows  the  title-page  of  the  Renfrewshire  volume. 

Each  title-page  bears  the  year  of  issue  of  the  particular  county  volume,  from 
1841  to  1845,  but  nowhere  in  this  first  reissued  series  do  the  original  dates  of 
publication  of  the  parish  accounts  appear,  although  in  every  county  volume  a list  is 
given  showing  the  volume  and  pagination  of  each  parish  account  in  the  original 
Statistical  Account.  Each  volume  also  contains  a map  of  the  county. 

Clearly  the  dates  of  original  publication  could  also  have  been  added  perfectly 
easily,  and  it  is  extremely  unfortunate  that  they  were  omitted,  but,  as  already 
indicated,  at  that  time  presumably  the  actual  publication  dates  were  simply  not 
considered  to  be  sufficiently  important. 

N.S.A.  Second  Reissue;  15  collected  county  volumes,  1845 

Later  in  1845,  all  thirty-three  counties  were  gathered  together  and  republished 
as  a 15-volume  collected  set,  as  previously  announced  in  the  Report  of  the 
Superintending  Committee  (see  above).  Most  volumes  in  this  set  covered  several 
counties,  but  there  were  single  volumes  for  the  larger  counties  of  Edinburgh, 
Lanark,  Perth  and  Aberdeen. 

The  volumes  were  again  bound  in  green  cloth,  uniform  with  the  first  reissue, 
with  paper  printed  spine-labels.  They  were  numbered  volumes  1-15  (in  Roman 
numerals),  each  volume  bore  the  date  1845  on  its  title-page,  but  this  time  both  the 
spine-label  and  the  title-page  bore  the  name  New  Statistical  Account.  Figure  3 


20 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 


Vol.  107 


THE 

STATISTICAL  ACCOUNT 


RENFREWSHIRE. 


THE  MINISTERS  OF  THE  RESPECTIVE  PARISHES, 


UNDER  THE  SUPERINTENDENCE  OF 


A COMMITTEE  OF  THE  SOCIETY  FOR  TIIE  BENEFIT  OF 
THE  SONS  AND  DAUGHTERS  OF  THE  CLERGY. 


WILLIAM  BLACKWOOD  AND  SONS,  EDINBURGH, 
AND  22,  PALL  MALL,  LONDON. 
MDCCCXLII. 


Figure  2 

N.S.A.  First  Reissue;  County  Volumes 

Title-page  from  Renfrewshire  volume 
(1842) 


1995 


New  Statistical  Account:  Correct  Publication  Dates 


21 


THE  NEW 


STATISTICAL  ACCOUNT 


OF 

SCOTLAND. 


UY 

TIIK  MINISTERS  OF  TI1E  RESPECTIVE  PARISHES,  UNDER  THE 
SUPERINTENDENCE  OF  A COMMITTEE  OF  THE  SOCIETY 
FOR  THE  BENEFIT  OF  THE  SONS  AND 
DAUGHTERS  OF  THE  CLERGY. 


YOL.  Y 1 1. 


It  RNOEW-ARG  YLE. 


WILLIAM  BLACK WrOOD  AND  SONS, 
EDINBURGH  AND  LONDON. 
MDCCCXLV. 


Figure  3 


N.S.A.  Second  Reissue;  Collected  Volumes 

Title-page  from  Volume  7 (Renfrew-Argyle) 

(1845) 


22 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 


Vol.  107 


shows  the  title-page  of  Volume  7 (Renfrew- Argyle).  Again,  nowhere  in  these 
volumes  do  the  original  dates  of  publication  appear,  and  the  lists  of  parishes 
referring  back  to  the  original  Statistical  Account,  which  appeared  in  each  of  the 
individual  county  volumes  of  the  first  reissue,  were  also  omitted. 


This  collected  county  set  of  1845  is  far  and  away  the  commonest  set  of  the 
New  Statistical  Account  which  is  usually  found.  Indeed  a recent  survey  showed 
that  it  is  virtually  the  only  version  readily  available  for  consultation  in  any  major 
Scottish  library,  and  since  there  is  nothing  in  this  1845  version  to  indicate  that  it  is 
simply  a reissue,  of  an  edition  originally  published  in  parts  at  a much  earlier  date,  it 
is  only  too  easy,  unless  one  is  knowledgeable  about  the  history  of  Scottish  natural 
science  books  and  journals,  to  fall  into  the  trap  of  assuming  that  all  natural  history 
in  the  New  Statistical  Account  dates  from  1845. 

This  is  particularly  unfortunate,  and  indeed,  from  tactful  enquiries  made  over 
several  years,  it  became  very  clear  that  many  people  (even  some  quite  experienced 
in  natural  history  work  and  who  appreciated  the  importance  of  the  New  Statistical 
Account)  were  under  the  impression  that  the  1845  version  was  the  only  version, 
and  were  quite  unaware  that  anything  earlier  existed. 

This  is  possibly  understandable.  Nevertheless,  the  fact  remains  that  some  of 
the  parish  accounts  were  actually  published  up  to  ten  years  earlier  than  1845,  and 
deserve  priority  where  this  matters.  There  is  no  harm  in  referring  to  the  1845 
reissued  set  in  any  list  of  references,  provided  one  also  makes  the  true  date  of 
publication  clear  in  the  actual  text,  but  I have  seldom  seen  this  done. 


Rarity  of  N.S.A.  First  Edition 

There  is  no  doubt  that  complete  sets  of  the  original  52-part  edition  of  the  New 
Statistical  Account  are  now  distinctly  rare,  and  since  the  original  publication 
dates  are  not  repeated  in  the  reissued  versions,  it  is  perhaps  excusable  that  so  many 
later  research  workers  in  Scottish  natural  history  got  the  dates  so  wrong. 

It  therefore  seems  well  worth  while  to  set  out  the  correct  publication  dates  in 
precise  detail,  in  an  attempt  to  set  the  record  straight  for  the  future.  These  dates 
are  given  in  Table  2,  with  some  preliminary  words  of  explanation 


1995 


New  Statistical  Account:  Correct  Publication  Dates 


23 


Table  2 

ORIGINAL  PUBLICATION  DATES  OF  THE  INDIVIDUAL  PARISHES 

For  each  county  section  the  following  notes  apply: 

Heading:  For  each  county  the  precise  name,  and  spelling,  is  given  exactly  as  it 
appears  in  the  first  edition  of  the  New  Statistical  Account  and  on  the  title-page  of 
the  later  individual  county  volume,  with  no  attempt  made  to  bring  this  up-to-date 
as  in  later  usage.  The  dates  given  in  square  brackets  after  the  name  of  the  county 
are  the  years  of  the  later  reissues,  firstly  as  individual  and  secondly  as  collected 
county  volumes. 

First  column:  The  names  of  the  individual  parishes  are  again  given  precisely  as 
they  appear  in  the  first  edition,  with  no  attempt  at  up-dating,  even  although  the 
names  of  some  parishes  had  changed  slightly  even  by  the  time  of  the  1845  collected 
version. 

Second  column:  The  dates  of  original  writing  are  given,  with  the  dates  of  any  later 
revision  in  italics.  In  the  few  cases  where  no  date  of  writing  is  given,  this  is  stated. 

Third  column:  This  gives  the  number  of  the  part,  in  the  52-part  first  edition,  where 
the  account  of  the  parish  was  first  published. 

Fourth  column:  This  gives  the  month  and  year  of  first  publication,  taken  from  the 
front  cover  of  the  relevant  part. 

The  important  information,  i.e.  the  name  of  the  parish,  the  number  of  the 
original  part,  and  the  year  of  first  publication,  are  given  in  bold  type. 


ABERDEENSHIRE  [1843,  1845] 


Aberdeen 

December  1839 

25 

February 

1840 

Aberdour 

1835;  January  1840 

25 

February 

1840 

Aboyne  and  Glentanner 

December  1842 

42 

March 

1843 

Alford 

November  1840 

38 

July 

1842 

Auchindoir  and  Kearn 

October  1840 

28 

November 

1840 

Auchterless 

January  1840 

25 

February 

1840 

Belhelvie 

January  1840 

25 

February 

1840 

Birse 

July  1842 

39 

September 

1842 

Vol.  107 


24 

Bourtrie 

Cairnie 

Chapel  of  Garioch 

Clatt 

Cluny 

Coull 

Crathie  and  Braemar 

Crimond 

Cruden 

Culsalmond 

Daviot 

Drumblade 

Drumoak 

Dyce 

Echt 

Ellon 

Fintray 

Forgue 

Foveran 

Fraserburgh 

Fyvie 

Glenbucket 
Glenmuick,  Tullich, 
and  Glengairn 
Huntly 
Insch 
Inverury 
Keig 

Keithhall  and  Kinkell 

Kemnay 

Kennethmont 

Kildrummy 

Kincardine  O’Niel 

Kinellar 

King-Edward 

Kintore 

Leochel  and  Cushnie 
Leslie 

Logie-Buchan 

Logie-Coldstone 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 


May  1842 

August  1842 

1835;  1840;  Aug.  1841 

August  1842 

August  1842 

August  1842 

May  1842 

1840;  1842 

1840 

No  date 

1837;  August  1842 
January  1840 
Feb.  1840;  Aug.  1842 
January  1840 
July  1 842 
May  1841 
January  1840 
April  1842 
1840 

January  1840 
Oct.  1838;  Feb.  1840 
October  1840 

July  1842 
November  1842 
July  1842 
May  1842 
August  1842 
July  1842 
July  1842 

Nov.  1840;  April  1841 
September  1842 
July  1842 
January  1840 
January  1840 
No  date;  May  1842 
March  1843 
June  1842 
No  date;  1842 
No  date 


39 

September 

1842 

42 

March 

1843 

39 

September 

1842 

42 

March 

1843 

42 

March 

1843 

42 

March 

1843 

39 

September 

1842 

39 

September 

1842 

42 

March 

1843 

39 

September 

1842 

39 

September 

1842 

28 

November 

1840 

42 

March 

1843 

25 

February 

1840 

39 

September 

1842 

42 

March 

1843 

25 

February 

1840 

39 

September 

1842 

39 

September 

1842 

25 

February 

1840 

28 

November 

1840 

28 

November 

1840 

39 

September 

1842 

42 

March 

1843 

39 

September 

1842 

39 

September 

1842 

42 

March 

1843 

39 

September 

1842 

39 

September 

1842 

39 

September 

1842 

42 

March 

1843 

39 

September 

1842 

25 

February 

1840 

25 

February 

1840 

39 

September 

1842 

42 

March 

1843 

42 

March 

1843 

39 

September 

1842 

42 

March 

1843 

1995 


New  Statistical  Account:  Correct  Publication  Dates 


25 


Longside 

Nov.  1841 , July  1842 

42 

March 

1843 

Lonmay 

1835;  January  1840 

25 

February 

1840 

Lumphanan 

January  1843 

42 

March 

1843 

Meldrum 

November  1840 

28 

November 

1840 

Methlick 

August  1842 

42 

March 

1843 

Midniar 

No  date;  May  1842 

39 

September 

1842 

Monquhitter 

June  1842 

39 

September 

1842 

Monymusk 

November  1840 

28 

November 

1840 

New  Deer 

No  date,  January  1840 

25 

February 

1840 

Newhills 

January  1840 

25 

February 

1840 

New  Machar 

August  1842 

42 

March 

1843 

Old  Deer 

January  1840 

25 

February 

1840 

Old  Machar 

December  1842 

42 

March 

1843 

Oyne 

March  1839 ,May  '42 

39 

September 

1843 

Peterculter 

January  1840 

25 

February 

1840 

Peterhead 

Sept.  1837;  Sept.  1840 

28 

November 

1840 

Pitsligo 

October  1840 

28 

November 

1840 

Premnay 

May  1842 

39 

September 

1842 

Rathen 

January  1840 

28 

November 

1840 

Rayne 

October  1840 

28 

November 

1840 

Rhynie 

August  1842 

42 

March 

1843 

St.  Fergus 

Feb.  1837;  Jan.  1840 

25 

February 

1840 

Skene 

January  1843 

42 

March 

1843 

Slains 

February  1840 

39 

September 

1842 

Strathdon 

April  1838;  April  1839; 
Dec.  1840 

38 

July 

1842 

Strichen 

Feb.  1840;  May  1842 

39 

September 

1842 

Tarland  and  Migvie 

August  1842 

42 

March 

1843 

Tarves 

May  1842 

39 

September 

1842 

Tough 

Dec.  1835;  May  1842 

39 

September 

1842 

Towie 

October  1840 

28 

November 

1840 

Tullynessle  and  Forbes 

Sept.  1838;  Oct.  1840 

28 

November 

1840 

Turriff 

November  1842 

42 

March 

1843 

Tyrie 

November  1842 

39 

September 

1842 

Udny 

January  1840 

25 

February 

1840 

General  Observations 

No  date 

42 

March 

1843 

Appendix 

(College  and  University) 

No  date 

42 

May 

1943 

26 


The  Scottish  Naturalist  Vol.  107 

ARGYLESHIRE  [1845,  1845] 


Ardchattan 
Ardnamurchan 
Campbelton 
Colonsay  and  Oransay 
Craignish 

Dunoon  and  Kilmun 
Gicha  and  Cara 
Glassary 

Glenurchy  and  Inishail 

Inverary 

Inverchaolain 

Jura 

Kilbrandon  and  Kilchattan 
Kilcalmonell  and  Kilberry 
Kilchoman 

Kilchrenan  and  Dalavich 

Kildalton 

Kilfinan 

Kilfinichen  and  Kilviceuen 
Killarrow  and  Kilmeny 
Killean  and  Kilchenzie 
Kilmadan 
Kilmartin 

Kilmore  and  Kilbride 
Kilninian  and  Kilmore 
Kilninver  and  Kilmelfort 
Lismore  and  Appin 
Lochgoil-head  and 
Kilmorich 
Lochgoil-head  and 
Kilmorich,  Addendum 
Morvern 
Muckairn 
North  Knapdale 
Saddell  and  Skipness 
Salen 
Southend 
South  Knapdale 


February  1844 
1838 

November  1843 
February  1844 
No  date;  July  1843 
No  date 
October  1843 
November  1844 
August  1843 
July  1843 
July  1843 
October  1843 
July  1 843 
October  1843 
1839; 1844 
April  1843 
April  1844 
April  1843 

1842;  September  1843 
April  1843 

No  date;  October  1843 

June  1844 

March  1844 

January  1843 

September  1843 

1843 

1841 

December  1844 

January  1845 
August  1843 
February  1844 
April  1844 
November  1843 
September  1843 
November  1843 
1840 


48 

March 

1844 

45 

September 

1843 

46 

November 

1843 

49 

June 

1844 

45 

September 

1843 

49 

June 

1844 

46 

November 

1843 

50 

December 

1844 

45 

September 

1843 

45 

September 

1843 

45 

September 

1843 

49 

June 

1844 

45 

September 

1843 

46 

November 

1843 

49 

June 

1844 

46 

November 

1843 

49 

June 

1844 

46 

November 

1843 

45 

September 

1843 

49 

June 

1844 

46 

November 

1843 

49 

June 

1844 

49 

June 

1844 

48 

March 

1844 

46 

November 

1843 

45 

September 

1843 

45 

September 

1843 

50 

December 

1844 

50 

January 

1845 

45 

September 

1843 

48 

March 

1844 

49 

June 

1844 

46 

November 

1843 

46 

November 

1843 

46 

November 

1843 

45 

September 

1843 

1995 


New  Statistical  Account:  Correct  Publication  Dates 


27 


Strachur  and  Stralachlan 

Tiree  and  Coll 

Tobermory 

Torosay 

Ulva 

General  Observations 


July  1843 

March  1840; 1843 
September  1843 
August  1843 
September  1843 
No  date 


45 

September 

1843 

45 

September 

1843 

46 

November 

1843 

46 

November 

1843 

46 

November 

1843 

50 

January 

1845 

AYRSHIRE  [1842,  1845] 

Ardrossan 

Auchinleck 

Ayr 

Ballantrae 

Barr 

Beith 

Colmonell 

Coylton 

Craigie 

Dailly 

Dalmellington 

Dairy 

Dairy  inple 

Dreghorn 

Dundonald 

Dunlop 

Fenwick 

Galston 

Girvan 

Irvine 

Kilbirnie 

Kilmarnock 

Kilmaurs 

Kilwinning 

Kirkmichael 

Kirkoswald 

Largs 

Loudon 

Mauchline 

Maybole 


July  1837 
September  1837 
July  1837 
April  1836 
September  1837 
May  1839 
October  1838 
December  1841 
February  1842 
September  1837 
September  1837 
June  1836 
September  1837 
November  1838 
December  1841 
Jan.  1836 , Sept.  1837 
February  1842 
July  1837 
September  1837 
November,  1841 
Feb.  1 840;  Dec.  1841 
March  1839 
January  1842 
April  1842 
October  1838 
February  1842 
April  1842 
March  1842 
July  1837 
September  1837 


16 

November 

1837 

17 

February 

1838 

16 

November 

1837 

17 

February 

1838 

17 

February 

1838 

31 

May 

1841 

22 

May 

1839 

37 

May 

1842 

37 

May 

1842 

16 

February 

1838 

16 

February 

1838 

17 

November 

1837 

17 

November 

1837 

22 

May 

1839 

37 

May 

1842 

16 

November 

1837 

37 

May 

1842 

16 

November 

1837 

17 

February 

1838 

37 

May 

1842 

37 

May 

1842 

22 

May 

1839 

37 

May 

1942 

37 

May 

1942 

22 

May 

1839 

37 

May 

1842 

37 

May 

1842 

37 

May 

1842 

16 

November 

1837 

17 

February 

1838 

28 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 


Vol.  107 


Monkton  and  Prestwick 

Muirkirk 

New  Cumnock 

Newton-on-Ayr 

Ochiltree 

Old  Cumnock 

Riccarton 

St.  Quivox 

Sorn 

Stair 

Stevenston 

Stewarton 

Straiton 

Symington 

Torbolton 

West  Kilbride 

General  Observations 


BANFFSHIRE  [1842, 

Aberlour 

Alvah 

Banff 

Boharm 

Boindie 

Botriphnie 

Cabrach 

Cullen 

Deskford 

Fordyce 

Forglen 

Gamrie 

Gartly 

Grange 

Glass 

Inveraven 

Inverkeithney 

Keith 

Kirkmichael 


1832;  1837 
July  1837 
November  1838 
May  1837 
July  1837 
November  1837 
November  1839 
mi;  July  1837 
July  1837 
December  1841 
September  1837 
April  1840;  Jan.  1842 
April  1837;  Oct.  1837 
March  1839 
January  1842 
September  1837 
No  date 


July  1836 

1837;  February  1842 
July  1836 
June  1842 

Dec.  1839;  March  1842 
1841 

March  1842 
May  1842 
August  1836 
February  1842 
July  1836 
March  1842 
July  1836 
March  1842 
March  1842 
August  1836 
March  1842 
July  1842 
April  1842 


16 

November 

1837 

16 

November 

1837 

22 

May 

1839 

16 

November 

1837 

16 

November 

1837 

17 

February 

1838 

31 

May 

1841 

16 

November 

1837 

16 

November 

1837 

37 

May 

1842 

17 

February 

1838 

37 

May 

1842 

17 

February 

1838 

31 

May 

1841 

37 

May 

1842 

16 

November 

1837 

37 

May 

1842 

11 

August 

1836 

38 

July 

1842 

11 

August 

1836 

38 

July 

1842 

38 

July 

1842 

38 

July 

1842 

38 

July 

1842 

38 

July 

1842 

11 

August 

1836 

38 

July 

1842 

11 

August 

1836 

38 

July 

1842 

11 

August 

1836 

38 

July 

1842 

38 

July 

1842 

11 

August 

1836 

38 

July 

1842 

38 

July 

1842 

38 

July 

1842 

1845] 


1995 


New  Statistical  Account:  Correct  Publication  Dates 


29 


Marnoch 

Mortlach 

Ordiquhill 

Rathven 

Rothiemay 

General  Observations 


BERWICKSHIRE  [1841, 

Abbey  St.  Bathans 
Ayton 

Bunkle  and  Preston 

Channelkirk 

Chirnside 

Cockburnspath  and 
Old  Cambus 
Coldingham 
Coldstream 
Cranshaws 
Dunse 
Earlston 
Eccles 
Edrom 
Eyemouth 
Fogo 
Foulden 
Gordon 
Greenlaw 
Hutton 
Ladykirk 
Langton 
Lauder 
Legerwood 

Longformacus  and  Ellini 

Merton 

Mordington 

Nenthorn 

Polwarth 

Swinton  and  Simprin 


June  1842 
July  1836 
July  1836 
March  1842 
March  1842 
No  date 


1845] 

July  1834 
July  1834 
July  1834 
June  1834 
June  1834 

December  1834 
November  1834 
August  1834 
July  1834 
August  1834 
June  1834 
No  date;  May  1834 
November  1834 
January  1835 
August  1834 
October  1834 
June  1834 
March  1834 
July  1834 
August  1834 
August  1834 
December  1833 
February  1835 
June  1834 
June  1834 
February  1835 
August  1834 
July  1834 

No  date;  August  1834 


38 

July 

1842 

11 

August 

1836 

11 

August 

1836 

38 

July 

1842 

38 

July 

1842 

38 

July 

1842 

4 

November 

1834 

4 

November 

1834 

4 

November 

1834 

4 

November 

1834 

4 

November 

1834 

6 

May 

1835 

6 

May 

1835 

6 

May 

1835 

4 

November 

1834 

6 

May 

1835 

4 

November 

1835 

4 

November 

1834 

6 

May 

1835 

6 

May 

1835 

6 

May 

1835 

6 

May 

1835 

4 

November 

1834 

4 

November 

1834 

4 

November 

1834 

6 

May 

1835 

6 

May 

1835 

4 

November 

1834 

6 

May 

1835 

4 

November 

1834 

4 

November 

1834 

6 

May 

1835 

6 

May 

1835 

6 

May 

1835 

6 

May 

1835 

30 


Westruther 
Whitsome  and  Hilton 
General  Observations 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 

June  1834 
July  1834 
No  date 


Vol.  107 

4 November  1834 

4 November  1834 

6 May  1835 


BUTESHIRE  [1841,  1845] 
Cumbray 

May  1840 

27 

August 

1840 

Kilbride 

Jan.  1837;  April  1840 

27 

August 

1840 

Kilmorie 

May  1840 

27 

August 

1840 

Kingarth 

June  1840 

27 

August 

1840 

Rothesay 

June  1840 

27 

August 

1840 

General  Observations 

No  date 

27 

August 

1840 

CAITHNESS-SHIRE  [1841,  1845] 

Bower 

October  1840 

30 

April 

1841 

Canisbay 

October  1840 

30 

April 

1841 

Dunnet 

October  1840 

30 

April 

1841 

Halkirk 

1834;  October  1840 

30 

April 

1841 

Latheron 

October  1840 

30 

April 

1841 

Olrick 

October  1840 

30 

April 

1841 

Reay 

July  1840 

30 

April 

1841 

Thurso 

October  1840 

30 

April 

1841 

Watten 

October  1840 

30 

April 

1841 

Wick 

March  1841 

30 

April 

1841 

General  Observations 

No  date 

30 

April 

1841 

CLACKMANNANSHIRE  [1842,  1845] 

Alloa 

Dec.  1 840;  Sept.  1841 

35 

January 

1842 

Clackmannan 

November  1841 

35 

January 

1842 

Dollar 

October  1841 

35 

January 

1842 

Tillicoultry 

September  1841 

35 

January 

1842 

General  Observations 

No  date 

35 

January 

1842 

1995 


New  Statistical  Account:  Correct  Publication  Dates 


31 


DUMBARTONSHIRE  [1841,  1845] 


Arrochar 

March  1839 

23 

August 

1839 

Bonhill 

July  1840 

27 

August 

1840 

Cardross 

No  date;  Feb.  1839 

23 

August 

1839 

Cumbernauld 

April  1839 

23 

August 

1839 

Dumbarton 

February  1839 

23 

August 

1839 

Kilmaronock 

July  1839 

27 

August 

1840 

New  Kilpatrick 

1835;  February  1839 

23 

August 

1839 

Old  Kilpatrick 

1836;  February  1839 

23 

August 

1839 

Kirkintilloch 

June  1839 

23 

August 

1839 

Luss 

June  1839 

23 

August 

1839 

Roseneath 

May  1839 

23 

August 

1839 

Row 

January  1839 

23 

August 

1839 

General  Observations 

No  date 

27 

August 

1840 

DUMFRIESSHIRE  [1841,  1845] 


Annan 

December  1837 

18 

May 

1838 

Applegarth  and  Sibbaldbie 

March  1834 

2 

May 

1834 

Caerlaverock 

October  1835 

9 

February 

1836 

Canonbie 

February  1836 

9 

February 

1836 

Closeburn 

January  1834 

2 

May 

1834 

Cummertrees 

March  1834 

2 

May 

1834 

Dalton 

October  1835 

9 

February 

1836 

Dornock 

September  1833 

2 

May 

1834 

Dryfesdale 

January  1836 

9 

February 

1836 

Dumfries 

September  1833 

2 

May 

1834 

Dunscore 

October  1835 

9 

February 

1836 

Durisdeer 

October  1835 

9 

February 

1836 

Eskdalemuir 

No  date 

9 

February 

1836 

Ewes 

November  1835 

9 

February 

1836 

Glencairn 

October  1835 

9 

February 

1836 

Graitney 

No  date;  March  1834 

2 

May 

1834 

Hoddam 

March  1834 

2 

May 

1834 

Holywood 

December  1837 

18 

May 

1838 

Hutton  and  Corrie 

1836 

18 

May 

1838 

Johnstone 

February  1834 

2 

May 

1834 

Keir 

January  1836 

9 

February 

1836 

Kirkconnell 

October  1835 

9 

February 

1836 

32  The  Scottish  Naturalist  Vol.  107 


Kirkmahoe 

January  1834 

2 

May 

1834 

Kirkmichael 

January  1834 

2 

May 

1834 

Kirkpatrick-Fleming 

February  1834 

2 

May 

1834 

Kirkpatrick-Juxta 

February  1834 

2 

May 

1834 

Langholm 

November  1835 

9 

February 

1836 

Lochmaben 

October  1835 

9 

February 

1836 

Middlebie 

July  1831;  Oct.  1835 

9 

February 

1836 

Moffat 

January  1834 

2 

May 

1834 

Morton 

January  1834 

2 

May 

1834 

Mouswald 

January  1836 

9 

February 

1836 

Penpont 

February  1836 

9 

February 

1836 

Ruthwell 

March  1834 

2 

May 

1834 

St.  Mungo 

February  1834 

2 

May 

1834 

Sanquhar 

October  1835 

9 

February 

1836 

Tinwald  and  Trailflat 

January  1834 

2 

May 

1834 

Torthorwald 

December  1833 

2 

May 

1834 

Tundergarth 

February  1834 

2 

May 

1834 

Tynron 

February  1836 

9 

February 

1836 

Wamphray 

No  date;  Feb.  1834 

2 

May 

1834 

Westerkirk 

November  1835 

9 

February 

1836 

General  Observations 

No  date 

18 

May 

1838 

EDINBURGHSHIRE  [1845,  1845] 


Borthwick 

October  1839 

24 

November 

1839 

Carrington 

July  1845 

52 

October 

1845 

Cockpen 

July  1845 

52 

October 

1845 

Colinton 

Nov.  1838;  Oct.  1839 

24 

November 

1839 

Corstorphine 

October  1839 

28 

November 

1840 

Cramond 

May  1845 

52 

October 

1845 

Cranston 

October  1839 

24 

November 

1839 

Crichton 

August  1839 

24 

November 

1839 

Currie 

March  1845 

52 

October 

1845 

Dalkeith 

November  1844 

50 

December 

1844 

Duddingston 

No  date;  August  1843 

46 

November 

1843 

Edinburgh 

No  date 

52 

October 

1845 

Fala  and  Soutra 

November  1844 

50 

December 

1844 

Glencross 

May  1843 

46 

November 

1843 

Heriot 

October  1839 

24 

November 

1839 

1995 


New  Statistical  Account:  Correct  Publication  Dates 


33 


Inveresk 

October  1839 

28 

November 

1840 

Kirkliston 

October  1839 

24 

November 

1844 

Kirknewton 

May  1844 

49 

June 

1844 

Lasswade 

June  1843 

46 

November 

1843 

Leith 

July  1845 

52 

October 

1845 

Liberton 

March  1839;  1839 

24 

November 

1839 

Mid-Calder 

No  date 

46 

November 

1843 

Newbattle 

September  1839 

24 

November 

1839 

Newton 

February  1845 

52 

October 

1845 

Penicuik 

1 836;  July  1839 

24 

November 

1839 

Ratho 

October  1839 

24 

November 

1839 

Roslin 

June  1843 

46 

November 

1843 

Stow 

1839;  November  '43 

46 

November 

1843 

Temple 

August  1839 

24 

November 

1839 

West  Calder 

1841 

28 

November 

1840 

ELGINSHIRE  [1842,  1845] 

Abernethy 

September  1835 

8 

November 

1835 

Alves 

October  1835 

8 

November 

1839 

Bellie 

January  1842 

36 

March 

1842 

Birnie 

September  1835 

8 

November 

1835 

Dollas  or  Dallas 

February  1842 

36 

March 

1842 

Drainie 

February  1842 

36 

March 

1842 

Duffus 

April  1835 

8 

November 

1835 

Duthil 

February  1838 

36 

March 

1842 

Dyke  and  Moy 

March  1842 

36 

March 

1842 

Edenkillie 

February  1842 

36 

March 

1842 

Elgin 

April  1835 

8 

November 

1835 

Forres 

February  1842 

36 

March 

1842 

Kinloss 

February  1842 

36 

March 

1842 

Knockando 

August  1835 

8 

November 

1835 

New  Spynie 

October  1835 

8 

November 

1835 

Rafford 

March  1842 

36 

March 

1842 

Rothes 

March  1842 

36 

March 

1842 

Rothiemurchus 

February  1842 

36 

March 

1842 

St.  Andrews  Lhanbryd 

April  1835 

8 

November 

1835 

Speymouth 

June  1835 

8 

November 

1835 

34 


The  Scottish  Naturalist  Vol.  107 


Urquhart 

April  1835 

8 

November 

1835 

General  Observations 

No  date 

36 

March 

1842 

FIFESHIRE  [1845,  1845] 

Abbotshall 

No  date;  April  1836 

10 

May 

1836 

Abdie 

March  1836 

10 

May 

1836 

Abercrombie 

January  1837 

13 

February 

1837 

Aberdour 

February  1843 

47 

January 

1844 

Anstruther  Easter 

January  1837 

13 

February 

1837 

Anstruther  Wester 

November  1838 

20 

November 

1838 

Auchterderran 

No  date;  May  1836 

13 

February 

1837 

Auchtermuchty 

January  1843 

47 

January 

1844 

Auchtertool 

November  1836 

13 

February 

1837 

Ballingry 

December  1837 

17 

February 

1838 

Balmerino 

February  1838 

20 

November 

1838 

Beath 

April  1833;  April  '36 

13 

February 

1837 

Burntisland 

December  1836 

17 

February 

1838 

Cameron 

January  1837 

13 

February 

1837 

Carnbee 

December  1844 

51 

August 

1845 

Carnock 

January  1843 

47 

January 

1844 

Ceres 

November  1837 

20 

November 

1838 

Collessie 

March  1836 

10 

May 

1836 

Crail 

May  1845 

51 

August 

1845 

Creich 

November  1838 

29 

January 

1841 

Cults 

June  1838 

20 

November 

1838 

Cupar 

March  12836 

10 

May 

1836 

Dairsie 

February  1843 

47 

January 

1844 

Dalgety 

No  date;  June  1836 

13 

February 

1837 

Dunbog 

July  1836 

13 

February 

1837 

Dunfermline 

August  1844 

50 

December 

1844 

Dunino 

November  1837 

17 

February 

1838 

Dysart 

No  date;  April  1836 

10 

May 

1836 

Elie 

December  1836 

13 

February 

1837 

Falkland 

February  1845 

51 

August 

1845 

Ferry  Port-on-Craig 

March  1836 

10 

May 

1836 

Flisk 

July  1837;  Oct.  1838 

20 

November 

1838 

Forgan 

January  1838 

20 

November 

1838 

Inverkeithing  and  Rosyth 

November  1836 

13 

February 

1837 

Kemback 

February  1843 

47 

January 

1844 

1995  New  Statistical  Account:  Correct  Publication  Dates  35 


Kennoway 

January  1838 

17 

February 

1838 

Kettle 

March  1836 

10 

May 

1836 

Kilconquhar 

January  1837 

13 

February 

1837 

Kilmany 

June  1838 

20 

November 

1838 

Kilrenny 

May  1 843 

51 

August 

1845 

Kinghorn 

January  1843 

47 

January 

1844 

Kinglassie 

June  1836 

13 

February 

1837 

Kingsbarns 

No  date;  April  1836 

10 

May 

1836 

Kirkcaldy 

February  1843 

47 

January 

1844 

Largo 

November  1837 

17 

February 

1838 

Leslie 

No  date;  April  1836 

10 

May 

1836 

Leuchars 

September  1836 

13 

February 

1837 

Logie 

December  1837 

17 

February 

1838 

Markinch 

June  1840 

29 

January 

1841 

Monimail 

March  1836 

10 

May 

1836 

Moonzie 

January  1843 

47 

January 

1844 

Newburgh 

April  1836 

10 

May 

1836 

Newburn 

April  1836 

10 

May 

1836 

Pittenweem 

July  1845 

51 

August 

1845 

St.  Andrews 

Dec.  1837;  Feb.  1838 

20 

November 

1838 

St.  Leonards 

Dec.  1837;  Feb.  1838 

20 

November 

1838 

St.  Monans 

January  1837 

13 

February 

1837 

Saline 

1842 

47 

January 

1844 

Scoonie 

December  1836 

13 

February 

1837 

Strathmiglo 

February  1843 

47 

January 

1844 

Torryburn 

1 84 1 ; January  1843 

47 

January 

1844 

Wemyss 

January  1838 

17 

February 

1838 

General  Observations 

No  date 

51 

August 

1845 

FORFARSHIRE  [1843,  1845] 

Aberlemno 

December  1842 

43 

May 

1843 

Airlie 

April  1843 

43 

May 

1843 

Arbirlot 

January  1835 

12 

November 

1836 

Arbroath 

December  1833 

1 

March 

1834 

Auchterhouse 

April  1843 

43 

May 

1843 

Barrie 

March  1843 

43 

May 

1843 

Brechin 

Jan.  1833;  Dec.  1833 

1 

March 

1834 

Careston 

Nov.  1839;  Oct.  1842 

40 

November 

1842 

Vol.  107 


36 

Carmylie 

Cortachy  and  Clova 

Craig 

Dun 

Dundee 

Dunnichen 

Eassie  and  Nevay 

Edzell 

Farnell 

Fearn 

Finavon  or  Oathlaw 

Forfar 

Glammiss 

Glenisla 

Guthrie 

Inverarity 

Inverkeilor 

Kettins 

Kingoldrum 

Kinnell 

Kinnettles 

Kirkden 

Kirriemuir 

Lethnot  and  Navar 

Liff  and  Benvie 

Lintrathen 

Lochlee 

Logie  Pert 

Lunan 

Lundie  and  Fowlis 

Mains  and  Strathmartine, 

Marytown 

Menmuir 

Monifieth 

Monikie 

Montrose 

Murroes 

Newtyle 

Oathlaw  or  Finavon 
Panbride 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 

September  1836 
September  1842 
No  date;  January  1835 
January  1833 
1832;  December  1833 
December  1833 
September  1842 
Dec.  1834;  Nov.  1842 
January  1833 
September  1836 
February  1835 
May  1843 
September  1836 
August  1842 
No  date;  Sept.  1842 
January  1835 
January  1835 
January  1843 
December  1842 
Jan.  1838;  A ug.  1842 
January  1835 
No  date;  June  1840 
No  date;  Dec.  1833 
May  1843 
September  1842 
December  1842 
December  1833 
January  1835 
September  1836 
1838;  Sept.  1842 
December  1833 
December  1833 
March  1843 
September  1842 
1842 

February  1835 
1842 

October  1842 
February  1835 
December  1833 


12 

November 

1836 

40 

November 

1842 

5 

February 

1835 

1 

March 

1834 

1 

March 

1834 

1 

March 

1834 

40 

November 

1842 

43 

May 

1843 

1 

March 

1834 

12 

November 

1836 

5 

February 

1835 

43 

May 

1843 

12 

November 

1836 

40 

November 

1842 

40 

November 

1842 

5 

February 

1835 

5 

February 

1835 

43 

May 

1843 

43 

May 

1843 

40 

November 

1842 

5 

February 

1835 

40 

November 

1842 

1 

March 

1834 

43 

May 

1843 

43 

May 

1843 

43 

May 

1843 

5 

February 

1835 

5 

February 

1835 

12 

November 

1842 

40 

November 

1842 

1 

March 

1834 

1 

March 

1834 

43 

May 

1843 

43 

May 

1843 

40 

November 

1842 

5 

February 

1835 

43 

May 

1843 

43 

May 

1843 

5 

February 

1835 

1 

March 

1834 

1995  New  Statistical  Account:  Correct  Publication  Dates 

37 

Rescobie 

No  date 

43 

May 

1843 

Ruthven 

August  1842 

40 

November 

1842 

St.  Vigeans 

January  1842; 

40 

November 

1842 

Strickathrow 

April  1843 

43 

May 

1843 

Tannadice 

January  1835 

5 

February 

1835 

Tealing 

September  1836 

12 

November 

1836 

General  Observations 

No  date 

43 

May 

1843 

HADDINGTONSHIRE  [1841,  1845] 

Aberlady 

January 

13 

February 

1837 

Athelstaneford 

May  1835 

8 

November 

1837 

Bolton 

Nov.  1 836;  Nov.  1838 

22 

May 

1839 

Dirleton 

November  1836 

13 

February 

1837 

Dunbar 

September  1835 

8 

November 

1835 

Garvald  and  Bara 

September  1835 

8 

November 

1835 

Gladsmuir 

September  1836 

13 

February 

1837 

Haddington 

No  date 

8 

November 

1835 

Humbie 

September  1835 

8 

November 

1835 

Innerwick 

1836 

13 

February 

1837 

Morham 

February  1837 

13 

February 

1837 

North  Berwick 

April  1839 

22 

May 

1839 

Oldhamstocks 

No  date 

22 

May 

1839 

Ormiston 

No  date;  Sept.  1835 

8 

November 

1835 

Pencaitland 

May  1839 

22 

May 

1839 

Prestonkirk 

May  1835 

8 

November 

1835 

Prestonpans 

April  1839 

22 

May 

1839 

Salton 

September  1835 

8 

November 

1835 

Spott 

December  1836 

13 

February 

1837 

Stenton 

July  1835 

8 

November 

1835 

Tranent 

March  1839 

22 

May 

1939 

Whitekirk  and  Tynnin; 

ghameMay  1835 

8 

November 

1835 

Whittingham 

May  1835 

8 

November 

1835 

Yester 

October  1835 

8 

November 

1835 

General  Observations 

No  date 

22 

May 

1839 

INVERNESS-SHIRE  [1842,  1845] 

Alvie 

April  1835 

9 

February 

1836 

Ardrosser  or  Ardersier 

September  1841 

36 

March 

1842 

38 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 


Vol.  107 


Barray 

January  1840 

31 

May 

1841 

Boleskine  and  AbertarfT 

Sept.  1831;  Feb.  1 835 

6 

May 

1835 

Bracadale 

December  1840 

31 

May 

1841 

Cromdale 

April  1841 

36 

March 

1842 

Croy  and  Dalcross 

September  1841 

36 

March 

1842 

Daviot  and  Dunlichity 

No  date 

36 

March 

1842 

Dores 

February  1841 

31 

May 

1841 

Duirinish 

February  1841 

31 

May 

1841 

Glenelg 

January  1836 

9 

February 

1836 

Harris 

Dec.  1839;  Jan.  1841 

31 

May 

1841 

Inverness 

January  1835 

6 

May 

1835 

Kilmalie 

May  1835 

9 

February 

1836 

Kilmonivaig 

February  1842 

36 

March 

1842 

Kilmorack 

January  1841 

31 

May 

1841 

Kilmuir 

November  1840 

31 

May 

1841 

Kiltariity 

December  1841 

36 

March 

1842 

Kingussie 

February  1835 

6 

May 

1835 

Kirkhill 

September  1841 

36 

March 

1842 

Laggan 

February  1839 

36 

March 

1842 

Moy  and  Dalarossie 

January  1836 

9 

February 

1836 

North  Uist 

1837 

31 

May 

1841 

Pettie 

Autumn  1839 ,Feb.  '41 

31 

May 

1841 

Portree 

January  1841 

31 

May 

1841 

Sleat 

December  1840 

31 

May 

1841 

Small  Isles 

January  1836 

9 

February 

1836 

Snizort 

April  1840 

31 

May 

1841 

South  Uist 

1837 

31 

May 

1841 

Strath 

April  1840 

31 

May 

1841 

Urquhart  and  Glenmoriston 

April  1835 

6 

May 

1835 

General  Observations 

No  date 

36 

March 

1842 

KINCARDINESHIRE  [1843,  1845] 


Arbuthnott 

April  1838 

18 

May 

1838 

Banchory  Devenick 

No  date;  March  1838 

18 

May 

1838 

Banthory-Ternan 

October  1842 

40 

November 

1842 

Benholme 

1837 

18 

May 

1838 

Bervie 

May  1837 

18 

May 

1838 

Dunnottar 

Januray  1842 

40 

November 

1842 

1995 


New  Statistical  Account:  Correct  Publication  Dates 


39 


Du  iris 

January  1838 

18 

May 

1838 

Fettercairn 

April  1837 

18 

May 

1838 

Fetteresso 

March  1842 

40 

November 

1842 

Fordoun 

1835;  1837 

18 

May 

1838 

Garvock 

September  1836 

18 

May 

1838 

Glenbervie 

1838 

18 

May 

1838 

Kinneff 

August  1842 

40 

November 

1842 

Laurencekirk 

No  date;  April  1838 

18 

May 

1838 

Maryculter 

1833;  1833 

18 

May 

1838 

Mary  kirk 

May  1 842 

40 

November 

1842 

Nigg 

No  date;  1838 

18 

May 

1838 

St.  Cyrus  or  Ecclesgreig 

December  1841 

40 

November 

1842 

Strachan 

February  1842 

40 

November 

1842 

General  Observations 

No  date 

40 

November 

1842 

KINROSS-SHIRE  [1841,  1845] 


Cleish 

April  1839 

22 

May 

1839 

Kinross 

April  1839 

22 

May 

1839 

Orwell 

April  1839 

22 

May 

1839 

Portmoak 

No  date;  April  1839 

22 

May 

1839 

General  Observations 

May  1839 

22 

May 

1839 

KIRKCUDBRIGHTSHIRE 

[1845, 1845] 

Anwoth 

October  1844 

50 

December 

1844 

Balmaclellan 

1840;  January  1844 

48 

March 

1844 

Balmaghie 

February  1844 

48 

March 

1844 

Borgue 

1841;  December  1843 

48 

March 

1844 

Buittle 

Nov.  1836;  Feb.  1844 

48 

March 

1844 

Carsphairn 

March  1844 

49 

June 

1844 

Colvend  and  Southwick 

February  1844 

48 

March 

1844 

Crossmichael 

February  1844 

48 

March 

1844 

Dairy 

September  1844 

50 

December 

1844 

Girthon 

April  1 844 

49 

June 

1844 

Kells 

Oct.  1839;  Feb.  1844 

48 

March 

1844 

Kelton 

Jan.  1841;  Jan.  1844 

48 

March 

1844 

Kirkbean 

March  1844 

48 

March 

1844 

40 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 


Vol.  107 


Kirkcudbright 

May  1 843 

48 

March 

1844 

Kirkgunzeon 

February  1844 

48 

March 

1844 

Kirkmabreck 

1 840;  April  1844 

49 

June 

1844 

Kirkpatrick-Durham 

No  date;  March  1844 

49 

June 

1844 

Kirkpatrick-Irongray 

No  date;  March  1844 

49 

June 

1844 

Lochrutton 

February  1841 

49 

June 

1844 

MinnigafT 

Febnruary  1842 

48 

March 

1844 

New  Abbey 

1840;  February  1844 

49 

June 

1844 

Parton 

March  1844 

49 

June 

1844 

Rerrick 

July  1844 

50 

December 

1844 

Terregles 

February  1844 

48 

March 

1844 

Tongland 

December  1843 

48 

March 

1844 

Troqueer 

No  date 

48 

March 

1844 

Twynholm 

1838;  January  1844 

48 

March 

1844 

Urr 

1843 

49 

June 

1844 

LANARKSHIRE  [1841,  1845] 


Avondale 

July  1835 

7 

August 

1835 

Bertram  Shotts 

August  1839 

26 

May 

1840 

Biggar 

August  1835 

7 

August 

1835 

Blantyre 

July  1835 

7 

August 

1835 

Bothwell 

1836;  April  1840 

26 

May 

1840 

Cadder 

June  1836 

11 

August 

1836 

Cadder,  Addenda 

No  date 

29 

January 

1841 

Cambuslang 

Junel836 

11 

August 

1835 

Cambusnethan 

March  1839 

26 

May 

1840 

Carluke 

March  1939 

26 

May 

1840 

Carmichael 

November  1838 

26 

May 

1840 

Carmunnock 

July  1839 

26 

May 

1840 

Carnwath 

May  1834 

3 

August 

1834 

Carstairs 

January  1839 

26 

May 

1840 

Covington  and  Thankerton 

September  1840 

29 

January 

1841 

Crawfordjohn 

June  1836 

11 

August 

1836 

Crawford 

July  1835 

7 

August 

1835 

Culter 

July  1835 

7 

August 

1835 

Dalserf 

April  1840 

26 

May 

1840 

Dalziel 

Junel836 

11 

August 

1836 

Dolphinton 

March  1939 

3 

August 

1834 

1995  New  Statistical 

Account:  Correct  Publication  Dates 

41 

Douglas 

August  \%35,  June  '36 

11 

August 

1834 

Dunsyre 

No  date,  April  1 834 

3 

August 

1834 

East  Kilbride 

December  1840 

29 

January 

1841 

Glasford 

July  1835 

7 

August 

1835 

Glasgow 

July  1835 

7 

August 

1835 

Glasgow,  Supplement 

December  1840 

29 

January 

1841 

Hamilton 

July  1835 

7 

August 

1835 

Lanark 

April  1834 

3 

August 

1834 

Lesmahagow 

March  1834 

7 

August 

1834 

Libberton  and  Quothquhan 

March  1834 

7 

August 

1834 

New  Monkland 

July  1835 

7 

August 

1835 

Old  Monkland 

February  1840 

26 

May 

1840 

Pettinain 

November  1838 

26 

May 

1840 

Rutherglen 

June  1836 

11 

August 

1836 

Stonehouse 

June  1836 

11 

August 

1836 

Strathaven 

July  1835 

7 

August 

1835 

Symington 

July  1840 

29 

January 

1841 

Walston 

May  1840 ,Aug.  1840 

29 

January 

1841 

Wandell  and  Lammingtoune 

May  1840 

29 

January 

1841 

Wiston  and  Roberton 

May  1834 

3 

August 

1834 

General  Observations 

No  date 

29 

January 

1841 

LINLITHGOWSHIRE  [1844,  1845] 

Abercorn 

April  1843 

44 

July 

1843 

Bathgate 

April  1843 

44 

July 

1843 

Borrowstownness 

April  1843 

44 

July 

1843 

Carriden 

No  date;  April  1843 

44 

July 

1843 

Dalmeny 

April  1843 

44 

July 

1843 

Ecclesmachan 

April  1843 

44 

July 

1843 

Linlithgow 

July  1843 

44 

July 

1843 

Livingstone 

April  1843 

44 

July 

1843 

Queensferry 

No  date;  April  1843 

44 

July 

1843 

Torphichen 

April  1843 

44 

July 

1843 

Uphall 

April  1843 

44 

July 

1843 

Whitburn 

April  1843 

44 

July 

1843 

General  Observations 

No  date 

44 

July 

1843 

42 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 


Vol.  107 


NAIRNSHIRE  [1842,  1845] 


Ardclach 

April  1842 

37 

May 

1842 

Auldearn 

March  1 842 

37 

May 

1842 

Cawdor 

Dec.  1841;  March  1842 

37 

May 

1842 

Nairn 

February  1842 

37 

May 

1842 

General  Observations 

No  date 

37 

May 

1842 

ORKNEY  [1842,  1845] 


Birsay  and  Harray 

July  1841 

35 

January 

1842 

Cross  and  Burness 

No  date 

34 

November 

1841 

Evie  and  Rendall 

November  1841 

35 

January 

1842 

Firth  and  Stenness 

July  1841 

34 

November 

1841 

Holme  and  Paplay 

November  1841 

35 

January 

1842 

Holme  and  Paplay,  Addition 

January  1842 

35 

January 

1842 

Hoy  and  Graemsay 

July  1841 

34 

November 

1841 

Kirkwall  and  St.  Ola 

June  1841 

34 

November 

1841 

Lady 

July  1841 

34 

November 

1841 

Orphir 

June  1841 

34 

November 

1841 

Rousay  and  Eagleshay 

July  1841 

34 

November 

1841 

Sandwick 

May  1839;  July  1841 

34 

November 

1841 

Shapinshay 

July  1841 

34 

November 

1841 

South  Ronaldsay  and  Burray  October  1841 

35 

January 

1842 

St.  Andrews 

September  1841 

35 

January 

1842 

Stromness 

1839;  July  1841 

34 

November 

1841 

Stronsay  and  Eday 

July  1841 

35 

January 

1842 

Walls  and  Flotta 

July  1841 

34 

November 

1841 

Westray 

No  date;  August  1841 

34 

November 

1841 

General  Observations 

No  date 

35 

January 

1842 

PEEBLES-SHIRE  [1841,  1845] 


Broughton,  Glenholm  and 
Kilbucho 

May  1834 

3 

August 

1834 

Drummelzier 

April  1834 

3 

August 

1834 

Eddlestone 

April  1834 

3 

August 

1834 

Innerleithen 

March  1834 

3 

August 

1834 

Kirkurd 

May  1834 

3 

August 

1834 

Linton 

May  1834 

3 

August 

1834 

1995  New  Statistical  Account:  Correct  Publication  Dates  43 


Lyne  and  Megget 

June  1834 

3 

August 

1834 

Manner 

May  1834 

3 

August 

1834 

Newlands 

April  1834 

3 

August 

1834 

Peebles 

March  1834 

3 

August 

1834 

Skirling 

May  1834 

3 

August 

1834 

Stobo 

May  1834 

3 

August 

1834 

Traquair 

April  1834 

3 

August 

1834 

Tweedsmuir 

April  1834 

3 

August 

1834 

General  Observations 

No  date 

3 

August 

1834 

PERTHSHIRE  [1844,  1845] 

Aberdalgie  and  Dupplin 

December  1842 

41 

January 

1843 

Aberfoyle 

May  1843 

47 

January 

1844 

Abernethy 

December  1842 

41 

January 

1843 

Abernyte 

May  1837 

15 

August 

1837 

Alyth 

June  1853 

44 

July 

1843 

Arngask 

Sept.  1841;  Dec.  1842 

41 

January 

1843 

Auchterarder 

May  1837 

15 

August 

1837 

Auchtergaven 

No  date;  June  1838 

19 

August 

1838 

Balquhidder 

October  1837 

19 

August 

1838 

Bendochy 

October  1843 

47 

January 

1844 

Blackford 

May  1837 

19 

August 

1838 

Blair-Atholl 

June  1838 

19 

August 

1838 

Blairgowrie 

January  1843 

41 

January 

1843 

Callander 

November  1837 

19 

August 

1838 

Caputh 

1839 

41 

January 

1843 

Cargill 

October  1843 

47 

January 

1844 

Clunie 

February  1843 

44 

July 

1843 

Collace 

May  1837 

15 

August 

1837 

Comrie 

June  1838 

23 

August 

1839 

Coupar-Angus 

July  1843 

47 

January 

1844 

Crieff 

June  1838 

19 

August 

1838 

Culross 

June  1838 

23 

August 

1839 

Dron 

December  1842 

41 

January 

1843 

Dull 

December  1842 

41 

January 

1843 

Dunbarny 

December  1842 

41 

January 

1843 

Dunblane 

February  1843 

44 

July 

1843 

Dunkeld  and  Dowally 

February  1843 

43 

May 

1843 

44 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 


Dunning 

November  1842 

41 

January 

Errol 

December  1837 

19 

August 

Forgandenny 

January  1843 

43 

May 

Forteviot 

October  1843 

47 

January 

Fortingal 

July  1838 

19 

August 

Fossoway  and  Tulliebole 

January  1843 

44 

July 

Fowlis  Wester 

May  1837 

15 

August 

Gask 

May  1837 

15 

August 

Glendovan 

September  1837 

19 

August 

Inchture 

December  1842 

41 

January 

Kenmore 

June  1838 

19 

August 

Killin 

April  1843 

44 

July 

Kilmadock 

No  date;  Jan.  1843 

47 

January 

Kilspindie 

November  1843 

47 

January 

Kincardine  in  Monteith 

January  1844 

47 

January 

Kinclaven 

June  1843 

47 

January 

Kinfauns 

October  1843 

47 

January 

Kinnaird 

May  1837 

15 

August 

Kinnoull 

December  1842 

41 

January 

Kirkmichael 

December  1842 

41 

January 

Lecropt 

1842 

47 

January 

Lethendy  and  Kinloch 

December  1842 

43 

May 

Little  Dunkeld 

Janaury  1843 

43 

May 

Logierait 

November  1842 

41 

January 

Longforgan 

June  1838 

19 

August 

Madderty 

November  1842 

41 

January 

Meigle 

1833;  May  1837 

15 

August 

Methven 

April  1837 

15 

August 

Moneydie 

April  1837 

15 

August 

Monivaird  and  Strowan 

December  1842 

41 

January 

Monzie 

May  1837 

15 

August 

Moulin 

February  1839 

23 

August 

Muchart 

September  1835 

19 

August 

Muthill 

August  1837 

19 

August 

Perth 

March  1837 

15 

August 

Port  of  Menteith 

No  date 

44 

July 

Rattray 

May  1837 

15 

August 

Redgorton 

April  1837 

15 

August 

Rhynd 

November  1837 

19 

August 

St.  Madoes 

January  1839 

23 

August 

Vol.  107 


1843 

1838 

1843 

1844 
1838 
1843 
1837 

1837 

1838 
1843 
1838 

1843 

1844 
1844 
1844 
1844 
1844 

1837 
1843 

1843 

1844 
1843 
1843 
1843 

1838 
1843 
1837 
1837 
1837 
1843 

1837 

1839 

1838 
1838 
1837 
1843 
1837 

1837 

1838 

1839 


1995 


New  Statistical  Account:  Correct  Publication  Dates 


45 


St.  Martins  and 


Cambusmichael 

December  1842 

41 

January 

1843 

Scone 

March  1843 

44 

July 

1843 

Tibbermore 

February  1843 

44 

July 

1843 

Trinity-Gask 

September  1837 

19 

August 

1838 

Tulliallan 

December  1842 

41 

January 

1843 

Wee  m 

1840 

41 

January 

1843 

General  Observations 

No  date 

47 

January 

1844 

RENFREWSHIRE  [1842,  1845] 


Cathcart 

No  date 

35 

January 

1842 

Eaglesham 

March  1840 

33 

September 

1841 

Eastwood  or  Pollock 

January  1836 

10 

May 

1836 

Erskine 

March  1840 

37 

May 

1842 

Greenock 

December  1840 

33 

September 

1841 

Houston  and  Killallan 

No  date;  Jan.  1836 

10 

May 

1836 

Inchinnan 

March  1836 

10 

May 

1836 

Inverkip 

January  1842 

35 

January 

1842 

Kilbarchan 

December  1838 

33 

September 

1841 

Kilmalcolm 

January  1836 

10 

May 

1836 

Lochwinnoch 

No  date;  Jan.  1836 

10 

May 

1836 

Mearns 

January  1842 

35 

January 

1842 

Neilston 

March  1837 

14 

May 

1837 

Paisley 

February  1837 

14 

May 

1837 

Port-Glasgow 

January  1836 

10 

May 

1836 

Renfrew 

January  1836 

10 

May 

1836 

General  Observations 

No  date 

37 

May 

1842 

ROSS  AND  CROMARTY  [1841,  1845] 


Alness 

February  1840 

27 

August 

1840 

Applecross 

September  1836 

12 

November 

1836 

Avoch 

February  1840 

27 

August 

1840 

Barvas 

September  1836 

12 

November 

1836 

Contin 

September  1837 

12 

February 

1839 

Cromarty 

September  1836 

12 

November 

1836 

Dingwall 

March  1837 

21 

February 

1839 

Eddertoun 

November  1840 

29 

January 

1841 

46  The  Scottish  Naturalist 

Vol.  107 

Fearn 

February  1840 

27 

August 

1840 

Fodderty 

April  1838 

21 

February 

1839 

Gairloch 

September  1836 

12 

November 

1836 

Glenshiel 

November  1836 

12 

November 

1836 

Killearnan 

No  date 

12 

November 

1836 

Kilmuir  Wester  and  Suddy 

No  date 

12 

November 

1836 

Kilmuir  Easter 

December  1838 

27 

August 

1840 

Kiltearn 

August  1839 

27 

August 

1840 

Kincardine 

August  1840 

29 

January 

1841 

Kintail 

September  1836 

12 

November 

1836 

Kirkmichael  and 

Cullicudden 

September  1836 

12 

November 

1836 

Lochalsh 

October  1838 

21 

February 

1839 

Lochbroom 

May  1835 

12 

November 

1836 

Lochcarron 

September  1836 

12 

November 

1836 

Lochs 

1833 

12 

November 

1836 

Logie  Easter 

1836 

12 

November 

1836 

Nigg 

No  date;  Sept.  1836 

12 

November 

1836 

Rosemarkie 

May  1839; 

27 

August 

1840 

Rosskeen 

October  1838 

21 

February 

1839 

Stornoway 

1833 

12 

November 

1836 

Tain 

August  1837 

27 

August 

1840 

Tarbat 

December  1840 

29 

January 

1841 

Uig 

1833 

12 

November 

1836 

Urquhart  and  Loggie-Wester  February  1840 

27 

August 

1840 

Urray 

July  1840 

29 

January 

1841 

General  Observations 

No  date 

29 

January 

1841 

ROXBURGHSHIRE  [1841,  1845] 

Ancrum 

April  1837 

14 

May 

1837 

Ashkirk 

March  1837 

20 

November 

1838 

Bed  rule 

May  1837 

20 

November 

1838 

Bowden 

October  1834 

5 

February 

1835 

Castletown 

October  1839 

24 

November 

1839 

Cavers 

September  1839 

24 

November 

1839 

Crailing 

January  1835 

14 

May 

1837 

Eckford 

May  1836 

14 

May 

1837 

Ednam 

July  1839 

24 

November 

1839 

1 995  New  Statistical  Account:  Correct  Publication  Dates 

47 

Hawick 

May  1839 

24 

November 

1839 

Hobkirk  or  Hopekirk 

March  1836 

14 

May 

1837 

Hounam 

March  1836 

14 

May 

1837 

Jedburgh 

October  1834 

5 

February 

1835 

Kelso 

October  1838 

20 

November 

1838 

Kirktoun 

May  1839 

20 

November 

1838 

Lilliesleaf 

October  1834 

5 

February 

1835 

Linton 

December  1834 

5 

February 

1835 

Makerstoun 

No  date;  Nov.  1834 

5 

February 

1835 

Maxton 

No  date;  Nov.  1834 

5 

February 

1835 

Melrose 

November  1834 

5 

February 

1835 

Minto 

October  1838 

20 

November 

1838 

Morebattle  and  Mow 

October  1839 

24 

November 

1839 

Oxnam 

April  1837 

14 

May 

1837 

Roberton 

November  1834 

5 

February 

1835 

Roxburgh 

No  date;  Nov.  1834 

5 

February 

1835 

St.  Boswell’s  or  Lessudden 

No  date;  Nov.  1834 

5 

February 

1835 

Smalholm 

No  date;  Nov.  1834 

5 

February 

1835 

Southdean 

No  date;  Dec.  1834 

5 

February 

1835 

Sprouston 

March  1837 

14 

May 

1837 

Stitchell  and  Hume 

November  1839 

24 

November 

1839 

Wilton 

November  1839 

5 

February 

1835 

Yetholm 

No  date;  Jan.  1835 

5 

February 

1835 

General  Observations 

No  date; 

24 

November 

1839 

SELKIRKSHIRE  [1841, 

1845] 

Ettrick 

September  1833 

1 

March 

1834 

Galashiels 

September  1833 

1 

March 

1834 

Selkirk 

September  1833 

1 

March 

1834 

Yarrow 

September  1833 

1 

March 

1834 

General  Observations 

No  date 

1 

March 

1834 

SHETLAND  [1841,  1845] 
Bressay,  Burra  and  Quarff 

No  date;  May  1841 

33 

September 

1841 

Delting 

May  1841 

33 

September 

1841 

Dunrossness 

June  1841 

33 

September 

1841 

Fetlar  and  North  Yell 

No  date;  June  1841 

33 

September 

1841 

48 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 


Vol.  107 


Lerwick 

May  1841 

33 

September 

1841 

Mid  and  South  Yell 

1838;  June  1841 

33 

September 

1841 

Nesting 

June  1841 

33 

September 

1841 

Northmaving 

June  1841 

33 

September 

1841 

Sandsting  and  Aithsting 
Tingwall,  Whiteness  and 

No  date 

33 

September 

1841 

Weesdale 

June  1841 

33 

September 

1841 

Unst 

No  date;  May  1841 

33 

September 

1841 

Walls 

No  date;  May  1841 

33 

September 

1841 

General  Observations 

March  1840 

33 

September 

1841 

STIRLINGSHIRE  [1842,  1845] 


Airth 

Alva 

Baldernock 

Balfron 

Bothkennar 

Buchanan 

Campsie 

Denny 

Drymen 

Dunipace 

Falkirk 

Fintry 

Gargunnock 

Killearn 

Kilsyth 

Kippen 

Larbert 

Logie 

Muiravonside 

Polmont 

Slamanan 

Stirling 

St.  Ninians 

Strathblane 

General  Observations 


No  date,  April  1841 
1836;  April  1841 
February  1841 
June  1841 
April  1841 

Feb.  1838;  March  '41 
May  1841 

Feb.  1839;  April  1841 
Dec.  1838;  March  1841 
No  date;  Sept.  1841 
May  1 840;  Mar.  1841 
No  date;  Mar.  1841 
March  1841 
February  1841 
No  date;  April  1841 
March  1839;  May  '41 
No  date;  Sept.  1841 
April  1841 
April  1841 

Mar.  1 839;  April  1841 
Sept.  1839;  May  1841 
October  1841 
June  1841 
March  1841 
No  date; 


32 

July 

1841 

32 

July 

1841 

32 

July 

1841 

32 

July 

1841 

32 

July 

1841 

32 

July 

1841 

32 

July 

1841 

32 

July 

1841 

32 

July 

1841 

34 

November 

1841 

32 

July 

1841 

32 

July 

1841 

32 

July 

1841 

32 

July 

1841 

32 

July 

1841 

32 

July 

1841 

34 

November 

1841 

32 

July 

1841 

32 

July 

1841 

32 

July 

1841 

32 

July 

1841 

34 

November 

1841 

32 

July 

1841 

32 

July 

1841 

34 

November 

1841 

1995 


New  Statistical  Account:  Correct  Publication  Dates 


49 


SUTHERLANDSHIRE  [1841,  1845] 


Assynt 

Clyne 

Criech 

Dornoch 

Durness 

Edderachillis 

Farr 

Golspie 

Kildonan 

Lairg 

Loth 

Rogart 

Tongue 

General  Observations 


Nov.  1837;  March  '40 
October  1840 
September  1834 
September  1834 
September  1834 
August  1840 
August  1840 
March  1833 , Sept.  '34 
February  1840 
November  1834 
March  1841 
September  1834 
January  1841 
March  1841 


30 

April 

1841 

30 

April 

1841 

4 

November 

1834 

4 

November 

1834 

4 

November 

1834 

30 

April 

1841 

4 

November 

1834 

4 

November 

1834 

30 

April 

1841 

4 

November 

1834 

30 

April 

1841 

4 

November 

1834 

30 

April 

1841 

30 

April 

1841 

WIGTONSHIRE  [1841,  1845] 


Glasserton 

Inch 

Kirkholm 

Kirkinner 

Kirkmaiden 

Kirkowan 

Leswalt 

New  Luce 

Old  Luce 

Mochrum 

Penninghame 

Portpatrick 

Sorbie 

Stonykirk 

Stranraer 

Whithorn 

Wigton 

General  Observations 


1836;  December  1838 
January  1839 
March  1837 
December  1838 
February  1839 
December  1838 
February  1839 
January  1839 
January  1839 
January  1839 
December  1838 
December  1838 
No  date;  Dec.  1838 
January  1839 
January  1839 
January  1839 
No  date;  Jan.  1839 
No  date 


21 

February 

1839 

21 

February 

1839 

21 

February 

1839 

21 

February 

1839 

21 

February 

1839 

21 

February 

1839 

21 

February 

1839 

21 

February 

1839 

21 

February 

1839 

21 

February 

1839 

21 

February 

1839 

21 

February 

1839 

21 

February 

1839 

21 

February 

1839 

21 

February 

1839 

21 

February 

1839 

21 

February 

1839 

21 

February 

1839 

50 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 


Vol.  107 


Additional  Comment 

The  New  Statistical  Account  of  Scotland  was  published  just  over  150  years 
ago.  It  is  a remarkable  publication,  and  in  my  view  deserves  the  greatest  respect 
from  those  of  us  who,  over  the  past  one  and  a half  centuries,  have  made  use  of  the 
information  it  contains.  Somewhat  surprisingly,  however,  this  paper  appears  to  be 
the  first  attempt  to  draw  attention  to  the  detailed  circumstances  surrounding  the 
publication  of  the  three  versions  and  to  the  correct  publication  dates  of  the  original 
parish  accounts. 

Some  other  comments  on  the  New  Statistical  Account  may  therefore  be  of 
interest  and  relevance,  even  although  they  are  not  directly  related  to  dates  of 
publication  or  natural  history  content. 

Title-Pages 

The  last  of  the  52  original  parts  contained  the  title-pages,  lists  of  contents  etc, 
for  each  volume  of  the  collected  15-volume  set  of  1845,  which  was  clearly 
intended  to  be  the  final  version;  paper  spine-labels  were  also  included,  which  was  a 
little  unusual.  The  county  parish  lists  referring  back  to  the  original  Statistical 
Account , which  had  appeared  at  the  start  of  each  separate  county  volume,  were 
not  included. 

No  title-pages  were  included  for  the  separate  county  volumes,  presumably 
because  the  majority  of  these  had  already  been  published.  As  previously 
mentioned,  the  title-pages  for  the  individual  county  volumes  simply  said  The 
Statistical  Account  of  [name  of  county],  although  the  word  New  appeared  on  the 
spine-labels.  This  is  curious;  some  possible  reasons  for  this  suggest  themselves, 
but  none  is  given. 

Prices 

The  original  52  quarterly  paper-back  parts  sold  for  six  shillings  each.  The 
price  was  printed  on  the  front  cover,  as  can  be  seen  in  Figure  1 . 

The  series  of  individual  county  volumes  from  1841  to  1845,  bound  in  green 
cloth  with  paper  spine-labels,  sold  for  prices  varying  between  l/6d  and  £1.7.0d, 
depending  on  the  size  of  the  volume.  The  prices  were  printed  on  the  paper  spine- 
label,  below  the  name  of  the  county,  and  Table  3 gives  a list  of  all  33  volumes  with 
the  relevant  prices. 

The  individual  county  volumes  were  presumably  issued  in  order  to  give  those 
who  could  not  afford  a complete  set  of  the  New  Statistical  Account  the 
opportunity  to  purchase  the  volume  of  their  own  county,  and  presumably  also  to 
bring  in  some  extra  money  while  the  project  was  progressing. 


1995 


New  Statistical  Account:  Correct  Publication  Dates  51 

Table  3 


SEPARATE  COUNTY  VOLUMES 
Year  of  Publication  and  Prices 


Year 

County 

£.  s. 

d. 

1841 

Berwickshire 

0. 

8. 

6. 

1841 

Buteshire 

0.  3. 

0. 

1841 

Caithness-shire 

0.  4. 

6. 

1841 

Dumbartonshire 

0.  6. 

0. 

1841 

Dumfries-shire 

0.  12. 

6. 

1841 

Haddingtonshire 

0.  8. 

6. 

1841 

Kinross-shire 

0.  2. 

6. 

1841 

Lanarkshire 

1. 

1. 

0. 

1841 

Peebles-shire 

0.  4. 

6. 

1841 

Ross  and  Cromarty 

0.  10. 

6. 

1841 

Roxburghshire 

0.  10. 

6. 

1841 

Selkirkshire 

0.  2. 

6. 

1841 

Shetland 

0.  4. 

6. 

1841 

Sutherlandshire 

0. 

5. 

6. 

1841 

Wigtonshire 

0. 

5. 

6. 

1842 

Ayrshire 

0.  18. 

0. 

1842 

Banffshire 

0.  9. 

0. 

1842 

Clackmannanshire 

0.  3. 

6. 

1842 

Elginshire 

0.  6. 

0. 

1842 

Inverness-shire 

0.  11. 

6. 

1842 

Nairnshire 

0. 

1. 

6. 

1842 

Orkney 

0. 

5. 

6. 

1842 

Renfrewshire 

0.  12. 

6. 

1842 

Stirlingshire 

0 10. 

0. 

1843 

Aberdeenshire 

1. 

5. 

0. 

1843 

Forfarshire 

0.  15. 

0. 

1843 

Kincardineshire 

0. 

8. 

0. 

1844 

Linlithgowshire 

0.  4. 

6. 

1844 

Perthshire 

1. 

7. 

0. 

1845 

Argyleshire 

0.  15. 

0. 

1845 

Edinburghshire 

0.  16. 

6. 

1845 

Fifeshire 

1. 

1. 

0. 

1845 

Kirkcudbrightshire 

0. 

8. 

6. 

52 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 


Vol.  107 


The  final  version,  i.e.  the  15  collected  volumes  of  1845,  had  no  price  printed  on 
the  set,  but  sold  for  15  guineas,  according  to  a contemporary  advertisement  by 
William  Blackwood  and  Sons,  publishers  of  the  New  Statistical  Account  on 
behalf  of  the  Society.  The  price  was  apparently  later  reduced,  presumably  after 
most  of  the  initial  sales  had  taken  place;  possibly  one  of  the  earliest  examples  of 
'remaindering'. 

These  prices  all  represented  very  substantial  sums  of  money  150  years  ago,  and 
since  the  entire  venture  was  clearly  expected  to  make  a profit  for  the  Society, 
anticipated  sales  were  presumably  directed  towards  libraries,  learned  societies, 
institutions,  local  government  departments  etc,  and  privately  towards  the  local 
aristocracy  and  the  newly-emerging  professional  and  business  monied  classes. 
Certainly  it  is  extremely  unlikely  that  any  of  the  parish  ministers,  the  main  authors 
of  the  New  Statistical  Account,  would  ever  be  able  to  afford  to  buy  a set. 

Summary 

The  New  Statistical  Account  was  originally  published  as  a series  of  52 
separate  parts  from  March  1834  to  October  1845.  It  was  later  reissued  in  two 
other  versions,  firstly  as  33  individual  county  volumes  from  1841  to  1845,  and 
finally  as  a 15-volume  collected  set  (far  and  away  the  version  most  commonly 
found)  in  1845. 

Although  the  text  and  pagination  remained  entirely  unchanged  throughout,  the 
dates  of  original  publication  were  not  repeated  in  the  reissued  versions,  and  this  has 
misled  many  later  research  workers  into  believing  that  the  15-volume  set  of  1845 
was  the  original  edition,  with  the  result  that  references  to  the  natural  history 
material  contained  in  the  parish  accounts  are  frequently  incorrect,  sometimes  by  as 
much  as  ten  years. 

The  natural  history  notes  in  the  New  Statistical  Account  are  sometimes  of 
considerable  historical  importance,  so  it  is  vital  that  they  should  be  correctly  dated. 
The  original  dates  of  publication  of  all  parish  accounts  in  the  New  Statistical 
Account  have  therefore  been  set  out  in  some  detail,  in  the  hope  that  this  will 
enable  correct  references  to  be  quoted  in  future. 


Dr.  J.A.  Gibson,  Scottish  Natural  History  Library, 
Foremount  House,  KILBARCHAN,  Renfrewshire  PA  10  2EZ. 


1995 


Marine  Fauna  of  St.  Ki/da 


53 


THE  MARINE  FAUNA  OF  THE  ST.  KILDA  ARCHIPELAGO 


By  J R.  ELLIS  and  P S.  CADMAN, 

Marine  and  Environmental  Research  Group, 
University  of  Wales,  Swansea 

S B.  PIERTNEY, 

Department  of  Zoology,  University  of  Aberdeen 

and  D L.  GEIGER, 

Department  of  Biological  Sciences, 

University  of  Southern  California 


Introduction 


The  St.  Kilda  archipelago  (57°49'N,  08°34'W)  is  a remote  island  group 
approximately  60  km  W.N.W.  of  North  Uist  (Outer  Hebrides,  Scotland).  With  the 
exception  of  Rockall,  it  is  the  most  north-westerly  part  of  the  British  Isles.  It  is 
composed  of  four  major  islands  (Hirta,  Dun,  Soay  and  Boreray)  and  many  rock 
stacks,  the  largest  of  which  are  Stac  an  Armin,  Stac  Lee  and  Levinish  (Figure  1). 
The  majority  of  the  coastline  is  composed  of  cliff  faces,  including  the  largest  sea- 
cliffs  in  the  British  Isles,  and  these  may  extend,  subtidally,  to  a depth  of  30-40 
metres,  to  a sea  bed  covered  with  large  boulders.  The  sublittoral  portions  of  the 
sea  cliffs  have  been  much  eroded  over  time,  and  are  permeated  with  crevices,  caves 
and  natural  arches.  The  islands  are  extremely  exposed  (Dalby,  Cowell,  Syratt  and 
Crothers,  1978)  and  even  the  most  sheltered  area.  Village  Bay  (Hirta),  is  exposed 
(Scott,  1960),  albeit  far  less  than  the  surrounding  cliff  faces.  The  oceanography  of 
the  surrounding  areas  has  been  discussed  (Cartwright,  1969;  Ellett,  1979),  as  has 
the  topography  of  the  sea  bed  (Harding,  Merriman  and  Nancarrow,  1984, 
Sutherland,  1984). 

St.  Kilda  is  recognised  as  an  international  nature  reserve  because  of  the  large 
colonies  of  sea-birds  (e  g.  Gannets  Sula  bassana  and  Puffins  Fratercula  arctica). 
Although  the  terrestrial  ecology  of  the  main  islands  has  been  well  documented,  the 
marine  environment  has  received  much  less  attention.  One  of  the  earliest  studies  is 
that  of  Gauld,  Bagenal  and  Connell  (1953),  although  their  sampling  was  restricted 
to  intertidal  collections  and  dredging.  Scott  (1956,  1960)  investigated  the  fauna  of 
the  upper  shore  and  sandy  substrates  of  Village  Bay.  The  sublittoral  fauna  has  only 
recently  been  described  (Howson  and  Picton,  1985;  and  this  present  study).  By 


54 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 


Vol.  107 


Figure  1.  Map  of  the  St.  Kilda  archipelago  and  its  position  in  relation  to  north-west  Scotland 


1995 


Marine  Fauna  of  St.  Ki/da 


55 


contrast,  the  equivalent  fauna  of  the  neighbouring  Outer  Hebrides  has  been 
extremely  well  studied.  In  particular,  see  Angus  (1979),  George  (1979)  and  Smith 
(1979)  in  the  Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh's  symposium  volume  on  the  Outer 
Hebrides  (Boyd,  1979). 

The  marine  algae  of  St.  Kilda,  however,  have  been  much  better  documented 
(Gauld  et  cil.,  1953;  Watling,  Irvine  and  Norton,  1970;  Norton  and  Powell,  1979; 
Howson  and  Picton,  1985)  and  so  were  not  considered  in  the  present  study. 

Due  to  the  high  degree  of  wave  exposure,  depth  of  surrounding  water,  distance 
from  other  land  masses,  and  pristine  environment,  St.  Kilda  may  be  considered  to 
be  a unique  environment.  The  present  work  provides  a comprehensive  list  of  the 
marine  fauna  of  the  St.  Kilda  archipelago.  Due  to  its  geographical  position  as  the 
most  north-westerly  island  group  in  the  British  Isles,  our  results  either  extend  or 
confirm  the  distribution  ranges  of  those  species  recorded.  The  biodiversity  of  this 
unspoilt  north-east  Atlantic  ecosystem  is  discussed  in  relation  to  the  exposure  and 
isolation. 

Methods 

From  13th  to  27th  July  1993  the  marine  fauna  of  the  islands  was  surveyed  using 
scuba-diving,  rod  and  line  angling,  intertidal  collecting,  benthic  grab,  dredge,  and 
plankton  tow.  Specimens  which  could  not  be  positively  identified  in  the  field  were 
collected  and  subsequently  examined.  A number  of  specimens  were  preserved  in 
either  70%  alcohol  or  4%  formalin  for  identification  by  other  workers. 


Results 

In  total,  296  species  (see  Appendix)  were  recorded  in  our  survey  and,  of  these, 
over  one  hundred  had  not  previously  been  reported  from  St.  Kilda.  In  conjunction 
with  the  115  and  200+  species  recorded  by  Gauld  et  al.  (1953)  and  Howson  and 
Picton  (1985)  respectively,  a comprehensive  faunal  list  of  the  area  is  now  available. 
Howson  and  Picton  (1985)  provided  more  detailed  records  for  three  taxonomic 
groups  (Porifera,  Opisthobranchia  and  Ascidiacea).  We  provide  more  detailed 
records  for  several  other  taxa,  notably  polychaetes,  crustaceans  and  fish.  Notes  on 
some  of  the  more  unusual  species  recorded  are  as  follows. 

Phellici  gciusapatci  Gosse  is  an  uncommon  anthozoan,  usually  associated  with 
extremely  exposed  habitats,  and  has  only  previously  been  reported  from  a few 
definite  sites,  including  north-east  Scotland  (the  type-locality),  north-west  Ireland, 


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Iceland  and  Norway  (Manuel,  1988).  One  specimen  was  collected  on  the  eastern 
face  of  Hirta. 

Oriopsis  hynensis  Knight-Jones  is  a sabellid  worm  which  has  only  previously 
been  reported  from  southern  Ireland.  During  the  present  survey,  it  was  recorded  in 
laminarian  holdfasts  collected  from  most  dive  sites. 

Okenia  elegans  (Leukart)  is  an  opisthobranch  previously  reported  from  the 
south-west  coast  of  the  British  Isles,  Anglesey,  and  Portrush  in  Northern  Ireland 
(Thompson  and  Brown,  1984).  One  specimen  was  recorded  from  the  eastern  face 
of  Dun,  so  this  is  now  the  most  northerly  record  for  this  species  in  British  waters. 

Octopus  \ndgaris  Lamarck  (Common  Octopus)  was  recorded  off  the  highly 
exposed  western  face  of  Dun.  Although  the  geographical  limits  for  O.  vulgaris  are 
poorly  defined,  this  species  is  generally  more  common  off  the  south-western  coasts 
of  the  British  Isles,  and  this  is  a very  northerly  record. 

Callionymus  reticulatus  Valenciennes  (Reticulated  Dragonet)  is  one  of  three 
species  of  dragonet  (Callionymiidae)  found  in  British  waters.  The  specimen 
collected  during  the  present  study  was  caught  in  Village  Bay,  in  an  area  of  clean 
sand,  the  substrate  favoured  by  this  species  (Wheeler,  1978).  C.  reticulatus  has 
been  reported  at  similar  latitudes  off  Norway,  although  the  previous  most  northerly 
British  record  is  from  the  northern  Irish  Sea  (Wheeler,  1978). 


Discussion 

As  an  offshore  island  group,  nutrient-rich  upwellings  are  likely  to  increase  the 
productivity  of  the  waters  syurrounding  St.  Kilda.  Such  a phenomenon  is  termed 
"island  mass  effect"  (Doty  and  Oguri,  1956).  Simpson  and  Tett  (1986)  recorded  a 
40%  increase  in  phytoplankton  production  over  5,000  square  kilometres  of  the 
adjacent  waters  in  their  study.  This  increased  productivity  is  very  important  for  the 
surrounding  area,  for  example  the  waters  between  St.  Kilda  and  the  Outer 
Hebrides  support  an  important  spawning  ground  for  Herrings  Clupea  harengus 
(Heath  and  MacLachlan,  1987),  and  Grey  Seals  Ha/ichoerus  grypus  are  abundant 
(Summers  and  Harwood,  1979). 

Simpson  and  Tett  (1986)  commented  on  the  relationship  between  the  high 
productivity  of  oceanic  islands  and  large  sea-bird  colonies.  Although  St.  Kilda  is 
internationally  recognised  for  its  sea-birds,  only  the  diets  of  two  species  have  been 
well  documented,  namely  the  Fulmar  Fulmarus  glacialis  (Furness  and  Todd,  1984) 


1995 


Marine  Fauna  of  St.  Ki/da 


57 


and  Puffin  (Harris,  1984).  These  species  were  found  to  feed  primarily  on  clupeids 
and  euphausiids,  and  clupeids,  gadoids  and  ammodytids,  respectively. 

St.  Kilda  is  an  extremely  exposed  habitat  (Dalby  et  ai,  1978),  and  this  has 
several  effects  on  the  structuring  of  subtidal  communities.  Vertical  rock  faces  are 
covered  with  sessile,  filter-feeding  animals  (e  g.  poriferans,  hydroids  and 
bryozoans).  Their  abundance  may  be  linked  to  the  low  turbidity  of  oceanic  water. 
During  scuba-diving  surveys,  visibility  was  generally  in  the  region  of  25-40  m.  The 
high  exposure  has  resulted  in  the  creation  of  many  caves  and  tunnels.  These 
provide  more  sheltered  sites  where  silt  is  deposited,  thus  enabling  species  such  as 
the  Burrowing  Anemone  Cerianthus  lloydi  Gosse  to  occur.  However,  these  areas 
of  fine  sediment  are  infrequent  on  the  most  exposed  sites,  and  are  typically 
restricted  to  small  areas  between  and  under  boulders,  and  rocks  on  the  sea  bed. 
These  areas  are  important  habitats  for  galatheids  and  ophiuroids. 

The  most  sheltered  site,  the  south-easterly  facing  Village  Bay,  is  composed  of 
moving  sands  and  is  still  considered  to  be  an  exposed  area  (Scott,  1960;  Angus, 
1979).  The  biodiversity  of  this  site  was  found  to  be  low  in  both  the  number  of 
species  and  their  abundance,  which  is  in  accordance  with  the  findings  of  Scott 
(1960).  For  example,  only  four  species  of  polychaete  were  recorded.  The  low 
biodiversity  of  the  sandy  areas  is  probably  related  to  the  drainage  and  exposure. 
Winter  storms  have  been  known  to  scour  the  bay  and  remove  all  sand  (Scott, 
1960)  and,  due  to  the  geographical  position  of  St.  Kilda,  it  is  possible  that  some 
species  may  have  difficulty  in  recruiting  after  such  destructive  events.  Additionally, 
the  beach  has  been  described  as  having  a high  rate  of  drainage,  and  so  intertidal 
infaunal  species  were  rarely  recorded.  One  obvious  difference  between  earlier 
studies  and  the  present  work  was  the  absence  of  the  isopod  Eurydice  pulchrci 
Leach,  a species  which  was  previously  recorded  in  densities  of  over  6,000  per 
square  metre  (Scott,  1960).  The  absence  of  a once  so  common  species  is  a 
testament  to  the  dynamic  nature  of  this  bay  and  to  the  labile  nature  of  infaunal 
habitats. 

High  exposure  may  also  enable  some  intertidal  and  maritime  fringe  species,  eg. 
Rough  Perwinkle  Littorina  saxcililis  (Olivi),  bristletails  Petrobius  sp.  and  Sand- 
hopper  Orchestia  gammarel/a  (Pallas),  to  extend  their  traditional  vertical  range. 
Indeed,  such  species  have  been  recorded  well  above  the  littoral  zone  on  Hirta 
(Bagenal,  1957). 

The  area  is  considered  to  be  an  unspoilt  environment  due  to  the  lack  of  human 
disturbance  and  pollution.  The  Ministry  of  Defence  maintains  a small  garrison  on 
the  island  and  there  are  small  groups  of  visitors  in  summer.  Commercial  fishing  is 


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limited  because  of  the  rough  terrain  of  the  sea  bed,  exposed  conditions  of  the  area, 
and  distance  from  land.  The  area  has  been  commercially  fished,  using  pots,  for 
Lobster  Homarus  gammarus,  Crayfish  Palinurus  elephas  and  Edible  Crab  Cancer 
pagurus.  Howson  and  Picton  (1985)  stated  that  these  species  were  found  in 
abundance,  but  in  the  present  study  few  Lobsters,  and  no  Crayfish,  were  recorded. 
The  area  may  therefore  have  been  overfished.  Other  fisheries  species  in  the  area 
include  Cod  Gadus  morhua,  Haddock  Melanogrammus  aeglefinus  and  Spur-dog 
Squalus  acanthias.  These,  and  other  fisheries  for  the  area,  have  been  reviewed 
(Bailey,  Hislop  and  Mason,  1979).  With  respect  to  the  nearshore  ichthyofauna, 
benthic  and  epibenthic  fish  were  infrequent;  for  example,  only  two  species  of 
wrasse  were  observed,  Cuckoo  Wrasse  Labrus  mixtus  and  Ballan  Wrasse  Labrus 
bergylta,  and  these  in  very  small  numbers.  However,  two  species  of  gadoid, 
Pollack  Pollachius pollachius  and  Saithe  P.  virens,  were  both  extremely  abundant. 

Acknowledgements 

Many  thanks  are  due  to  everyone  who  made  the  expedition  such  a success, 
including  Mr.  Christopher  J.  Coode,  Mr.  Michael  Dobson,  Mr.  Richard  Edwards, 
Dr.  Peter  Esteban,  Mr.  Robert  Findler,  Mr.  Matthew  James,  Mr.  B.  Keaton,  Mr. 
Keith  Naylor,  Mr.  Alan  D.  Osborn  and  Mr.  Mark  Palmer.  Special  thanks  are  due 
to  Mr.  Robert  E.  Thomas  for  all  his  effort  and  perseverance  in  organising  the 
expedition.  The  expedition  was  sponsored  by  Agenda  Television  (Swansea),  the 
Dulverton  Trust,  National  Trust  for  Scotland,  Scottish  Natural  Heritage,  Shimano 
UK,  UNESCO,  and  WWF  UK  (World  Wide  Fund  for  Nature).  Thanks  also  go  to 
the  British  Army  for  all  their  assistance,  expecially  the  Royal  Marines  (Poole),  the 
Royal  Logistic  Corps,  the  crew  of  H.M.A.V.  Ardennes , and  the  Royal  Signals  (St. 
Kilda  Detachment). 

The  following  specialists  helped  in  either  the  identification  or  verification  of 
certain  specimens:  Dr.  Peter  J.  Hayward  (Bryozoa),  Dr.  Philip  E.  King 

(Pycnogonida),  Dr.  John  Moyse  (Ophiuroidea),  Dr.  Boris  Sirenko 
(Polyplacophora),  Dr.  Nathalie  Yonow  (Opisthobranchia),  and  Dr.  Susan 
Chambers,  Dr  Peter  R.  Garwood  and  Dr.  Phyllis  K Knight-Jones  (Polychaeta). 

This  paper  is  based  on  a preliminary  unpublished  report  (1993),  by  the  same 
authors,  to  the  World  Wide  Fund  for  Nature. 

Summary 

The  St.  Kilda  archipelago  is  a unique  environment,  characterised  by  deep 
surrounding  water,  a high  degree  of  wave  exposure,  isolation  from  other  land 


1995 


Marine  Fauna  of  St.  Ki/da 


59 


masses,  and  pristine  habitats.  It  provides  an  area  where  the  recorded  geographic 
range  of  many  species  can  be  extended  because  of  St.  Kilda's  position  as  Europe's 
most  north-westerly  island  group.  Preliminary  observations  on  the  biodiversity  are 
discussed. 

References 

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Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh,  77B:  1 55-171. 

Bagenal.,  T.B.  (1957).  The  vertical  range  of  some  littoral  animals  on  St.  Kilda. 
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Bailey,  R.S.,  Hislop,  J.R.G.  and  Mason,  J.  (1979).  The  fish  and  shellfish  resources 
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Boyd,  J.M.  (Ed.)  (1979).  The  Natural  Environment  of  the  Outer  Hebrides. 
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Cartwright,  D.E.  (1969).  Extraordinary  tidal  currents  near  St.  Kilda.  Nature,  223: 
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Dalby,  D.H.,  Cowell,  E.B.,  Syratt,  W.J.  and  Crothers,  J.H.  (1978).  An  exposure 
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Doty,  M.S.  and  Oguri,  M.  (1956).  The  island  mass  effect.  Journal  du  Conseil 
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Furness,  R.W.  and  Todd,  C.M.  (1984).  Diets  and  feeding  of  Fulmars  Fulmarus 
glacia/is  during  the  breeding  season:  a comparison  betwen  St.  Kilda  and 
Shetland  colonies.  Ibis,  126:  379-387. 

Gauld,  D.T.,  Bagenal,  T.B.  and  Connell,  J.H.  (1953).  The  marine  fauna  and  flora  of 
St.  Kilda,  1952.  Scottish  Naturalist,  65:  29-49. 

George,  J.D.  (1979).  The  polychaetes  of  Lewis  and  Harris  with  notes  on  other 
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Harding,  R.R.,  Merriman,  R.J.  and  Nancarrow,  P.H.A.  (1984).  St.  Kilda:  An 

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Harris,  M.P.  (1984).  The  Puffin.  Calton,  Staffordshire:  Poyser. 

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Heath,  M.R.  and  MacLachlan,  P.  (1987).  Dispersal  and  mortality  of  yolk-sac  Herring 
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Sub-Aqua  Club/Marine  Conservation  Society  expedition  to  St.  Kilda,  7th  to 
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No.  18  (Revised  edition).  London:  Linnean  Society. 

Norton,  T.A.  and  Powell,  H.T.  (1979).  Seaweeds  and  rocky  shores  of  the  Outer 
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Scott,  A.  (1960).  The  fauna  of  the  sandy  beach,  Village  Bay,  St.  Kilda.  A 
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Warne. 


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APPENDIX 

MARINE  FAUNAL  LIST  FOR  ST.  KILDA 

Classification  follows  Hayward  and  Ryland  (1990) 


Foraminiferida 

Rosalind  globularis  anglica  (Cushman) 

Porifera:  Calcarea 

Clalhrina  coriacea  (Montagu) 

Leucosolenia  comp/icata  (Montagu) 

Sycon  ciliatum  (Fabricius) 

Leuconia  gossei  (Bowerbank) 

Porifera:  Demospongiae 

Pachymatisma johnstonia  (Bowerbank  in  Johnston) 
Suberites  camosus  (Johnston) 

Cliona  celata  Grant 
Halichondria panicea  (Pallas) 

Hymeniacidon  per /eve  (Montagu) 

Myxilla  incrustans  (Johnston) 

Cnidaria:  Scyphozoa 

Aurelia  aurita  (L.) 

Cyanea  lamarckii  (P6ron  & Lesseur) 

Cyanea  cap i l lata  (L.) 

Haliclystus  auricula  (Rathke) 

Cnidaria:  Hydrozoa:  Athecata 

Tubular ia  indivisa  L. 

Tubularia  larynx  Ellis  and  Solander 
Sarsia  eximia  (Allman) 

Eudendrium  rameum  (Pallas) 

Eudendrium  ramosum  (L.) 

Eudendrium  capillare  Alder 
Eudendrium  annulatum  Norman 
Bougainvi/lia  ramosa  (Van  Beneden) 

Leuckartiara  sp. 


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Cnidaria:  Hydrozoa:  Thecata 

Clytia  hemisphaerica  (L.) 

Gonothyraea  loveni  (Allman) 

Obelia  dichotoma  (L.) 

Obelia  geniculata  (L.) 

Halecium  muricatum  (Ellis  and  Solander) 
Halecium  sessile  (Norman) 

Abie  Unarm  abietina  (L.) 

Abietinaria  filicula  (Ellis  and  Solander) 
Amphisbetia  operculata  (L.) 

Dynamena  pumila  (L.) 

Sertularella  rugosa  (L.) 

Sertularella  tenella  (Alder) 
Kirchenpaueria pinnata  (L.) 
Kirchenpaueria  similis  (Hincks) 
Nemertesia  antennina  (L.) 

Nemertesia  ramosa  (Lamouroux) 
Plumularia  setacea  (L.) 


Cnidaria:  Anthozoa 

Alcyonium  digitatum  L. 

Alcyonium  glomeratum  (Hassall) 
Cerianthus  lloydi  Gosse 
Corynactis  viridis  Allman 
Caryophyllia  smithii  Stokes  and  Broderip 
Parazoanthus  anguicomus  (Norman) 
Actinia  equina  (L.) 

Urticina  felina  (L.) 

Metridium  senile  (L.) 

Actinothoe  sphyrodeta  (Gosse) 

Sagartia  elegans  (Dalyell) 

P he  Ilia  gausapata  Gosse 


Ctenophora 

Bolinopsis  infundibulum  (O.F.  Muller) 
Pleurobrachia pileus  (O.F.  Muller) 
Beroe  cucumis  Fabricius 


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Nemertea 

Cerebratulus  marginatus  Renier 
Linens  longissimus  (Gunnerus) 
Oerstedia  dorsalis  (Abildgaard) 
Tetrastemma  vermiculus  (Quatrefages) 


Polychaeta 

Harmothoe  impar  Johnston 
Lepidonotus  clava  (Montagu) 
Chaetopterus  variopedatus  (Renier) 
Kefersteinia  cirrata  (Keferstein) 
Nephtys  cirrosa  Ehlers 
Nereis  pelagica  L. 

Eida/ia  bilineata  Johnston 
Eulalia  viridis  (L.) 

Owen  ia  fusiform  is  Delle  Chiaje 
Poly  dor  a spp. 

Scole lepis  squamata  (O.F.  Muller) 
Autolytus  prolifer  (O.F.  Muller) 
Syllidia  armata  Quatrefages 
Brania  clavata  (Clapar6de) 

Procerea  cornuta  (Agassiz) 

Eusyllis  blomstrandi  Malmgren 
Exogone  gemmifera  (Pagenstecher) 
Syllis  gracilis  Grube 
Typosyllis  armi llaris  (Malmgren) 
Typosyllis  variegata  Grube 
Lanice  conch i/ega  (Pallas) 
Eilograna  implexa  Berkeley 
Oriopsis  hynensis  Knight-Jones 
Pomatoceros  lamarcki  (Quatrefages) 
Pomatoceros  triqueter  (L.) 

Spirorbis  spp. 


Sipuncula 

Phascolosoma  granulatum  Leuckart 


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Crustacea:  Cirripedia 

Lepas  ana  t if  era  L. 

Chthamalus  montagui  Southward 
Semibalanus  balanoides  (L.) 

Crustacea:  Tanaidacea 

Pseudoparatanais  batei  (Sars) 

Crustacea:  Isopoda 

I do  tea  baltica  (Pallas) 

Idotea  granulosa  Rathke 
Idotea  pe/agica  Leach 
Jaera  albifrons  Leach 
Jaera  ischiosetosa  Forsman 
Jaera  praehirsuta  Forsman 
Janira  maculosa  Leach 
Ligia  ocean ica  (L.) 

Crustacea:  Amphipoda 

Lysianassa  cerantina  (Walker) 
Iphimedia  minuta  Sars 
Iphimedia  obesa  Rathke 
Leucothoe  spinicarpa  (Abildgaard) 
Stenothoe  marina  (Bate) 

Stenothoe  monoculoides  (Montagu) 
Orchestia  gammarella  (Pallas) 
Talitrus  saltator  (Montagu) 

Hyale  nilssoni  (Rathke) 

Hyale  pontica  (Rathke) 

Gam  mar  us  finmarchicus  Dahl 
Gam  mar  us  locusta  (L.) 

Gammarus  zaddachi  Sexton 
Monocu lodes  carinatus  (Bate) 
Westwoodilla  caecula  (Bate) 
Apherusa  cirrus  (Bate) 

Apherusa jurinei  (Milne  Edwards) 
Ampithoe  rubricata  (Montagu) 
Corophium  bonellii  (Sars) 
Ericthonius punctatus  (Bate) 


1995 


Marine  Fauna  of  St.  KUda 


65 


Jassa  falcata  (Montagu) 

Parajassa  pelagica  (Leach) 

Hyper ia  galba  (Montagu) 
Pseudoprotella  phasma  (Montagu) 
Aeginina  longicornis  (Kroyer) 
Parvipalpus  capillaceous  (Chevreux) 
Caprella  acanthifera  Leach 
Caprella  linearis  (L.) 

Crustacea:  Decapoda 

Crangon  crangon  (L.) 

Homarus  gammarus  (L.) 

Pagurus  bernhardus  (L.) 

Munida  rugosa  (Fabricius) 

Galathea  intermedia  Lilljeborg 
Galathea  squamifera  Leach 
Galathea  strigosa  (L.) 

Pisidia  longicornis  (L.) 

Inachus  dorsettensis  (Pennant) 
Inachus phalangium  (Fabricius) 
Inachus  leptochirus  Leach 
Eurynome  aspera  (Pennant) 

Maja  squinado  (Herbst) 

Cancer  pagurus  L. 

Li ocar citrus  depur ator  (L.) 
Liocarcinus  marmoreus  (Leach) 
Necora  puber  (L.) 

Carcinus  maenas  (L.) 

Pilumnus  hirtellus  (L.) 

Pycnogonida 

Nymphon  brevirostre  Hodge 
Endeis  spinosa  (Montagu) 
Pycnogonum  littorale  (Strom) 
Phoxichilidium  femoratum  (Rathke) 

Mollusca:  Polyplacophora 
Acanthochitona  sp 


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Vol.  107 


Leptochiton  asellus  (Gmelin) 

Toni  cel  la  rubra  (L.) 

Mollusca:  Gastropoda 

Acmaea  virginea  (Muller) 

Patella  intermedia  Murray 
Patella  vulgata  L. 

Helcion  pellucidum  (L.) 

Gibbula  cineraria  (L.) 

Gibbula  umbilicalis  (da  Costa) 

Calliostoma  zizyphinum  (L.) 

Lacuna  parva  ( da  Costa) 

Lacuna  vincta  (Montagu) 

Littorina  littorea  (L.) 

Littorina  obtusata  (L.) 

Littorina  neritoides  (L.) 

Littorina  saxatilis  (Olivi) 

Lamellaria perspicua  (L.) 

Trivia  arctica  (Pulteney) 

Trivia  monacha  (da  Costa) 

Lunatia  catena  (da  Costa) 

Epitonium  clathratulum  (Kanmacher) 
Nucella  lapillus  (L.) 

Co/us  sp. 

PI  ini  a incrassata  (Strom) 

Mollusca:  Opisthobranchia 

Colpodaspis  pussila  M.  Sars 
Runcina  coronata  (Quatrefages) 

Aplysia  punctata  (Cuvier) 

Tritonia  hombergi  (Cuvier) 

Tritonia plebeia  Johnston 

Dendronotus frondosus  (Alder  and  Hancock) 

Do  to  coronata  (Gmelin) 

A canthodoris pilosa  (Abildgaard  in  Muller) 
Onchidoris  luteocincta  (M.  Sars) 
Onchidoris  muricata  (Muller) 

Okenia  e/egans  (Leuckart) 

Polycera faeroensis  Lemche 
Polycera  cjuadrilineata  (Muller) 


1995 


Marine  Fauna  of  St.  Kilda 


67 


Limacea  clavigera  (Muller) 

Rostanga  rubra  (Risso) 

Ar  chi  dor  is  pseudoargus  (Rapp) 

Janolus  cristatus  (Delle  Chiaje) 

Aeo/idia papillosa  (L.) 

Eubranchus  exiguus  (Alder  and  Hancock) 
Facelina  bostoniensis  (Couthouy) 

Facelina  coronata  (Forbes  and  Goodsir) 
Favormus  blianus  Lemche  and  Thompson 
Coryphella  lineata  (Lov6n) 

Coryphella  pellucida  (Alder  and  Hancock) 
Coryphella  pedata  (Montagu) 

Tergipes  tergipes  (ForskSI) 

Mollusca:  Bivalvia 

Area  tetragona  Poli 
Anomia  ephippium  L. 

My  Ulus  edulis  L. 

Modiolus phaseolina  (Philippi) 

Chlamys  nivea  (Macgillivray) 

Chlamys  varia  (L.) 

Arctica  islandica  (L.) 

Parvicardium  ovale  (Sowerby) 

Venus  siriatula  (da  Costa) 
lrus  irus  (L.) 

Moerella  donacina  (L.) 

Ensis  si l i qua  (L.) 

Mollusca:  Cephalopoda 

Sepiola  atlantica  d'Orbigny 
Octopus  vulgaris  Lamarck 
Eledone  cirrhosa  (Larmarck) 

Bryozoa:  Stenolaemata:  Cyclostomata 

Crisia  eburnea  (L.) 

Crisia  ramosa  Harmer 
Crisidia  cornu ta  (L.) 

Filicrisia  geniculata  (Milne  Edwards) 
Disporella  hispida  (Fleming) 


68 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 


Vol.  107 


Bryozoa:  Gymnolaemata:  Cheilostomata 

Aetea  anguina  (L.) 

Scruparia  ambigua  (d'Orbigny) 

Scruparia  che/ata  (L.) 

Electra  pilosa  (L.). 

Membranipora  membrcinaceci  (L.) 

Flustra  foliacea  (L.) 

Amphible  strum  aura  turn  (Hincks) 

Ramphonotus  minax  (Busk) 

Callopora  lineata  (L.) 

Membraniporella  nitida  (Johnston) 
Scrupocellaria  reptans  (L.) 

Scrupocellaria  scruposa  (L.) 

Bicellariella  ciliata  (L.) 

Bugula  flabellata  (Thompson  in  Gray) 
Umbonula  littoralis  Hastings 
Escharoides  coccinea  (Abildgaard) 

Celleporella  hyalina  (L.) 

Hippothoa  flagellum  Manzoni 
Microporella  ciliata  (Pallas) 

Porella  compressa  (Sowerby) 

Smittoidea  reticulata  (Macgillivray) 
Schizomcr\’ella  linearis  (Hassall) 

Celleporina  hassall ii  (Johnston) 

Turbicellepora  avicu laris  (Hincks) 

Bryozoa:  Gymnolaemata:  Ctenostomata 
Alcyonidium  diaphanum  Lamouroux 

Echinodermata:  Crinoidea 
Antedon  bifida  (Pennant) 

Echinodermata:  Asteroidea 

Astropecten  irregularis  (Pennant) 

Luidia  sarsi  Diiben  & Koren 
Luidia  ci/iarts  (Philippi) 

Porania pu /villus  (O.F.  Muller) 

Crossaster papposus  (L.) 

Henricia  oculata  (Pennant) 


1995 


Marine  Fauna  of  St.  Ki/da 


69 


Aster  ias  rube  ns  L. 

Marthasterias  glacial  is  (L.) 

Echinodermata:  Ophiuroidea 

Ophiocomina  nigra  (Abildgaard) 
Ophiothrix  fragilis  (Abildgaard) 
Ophiopholis  acute ata  (L.) 

Amphipho/is  squamata  (Delle  Chiaje) 

Echinodermata:  Echinoidea 

Psammechinus  miliar  is  (Gmelin) 
Echinus  e scute ntus  (L.) 

Echinocardium  cordatum  (Pennant) 

Echinodermata:  Holothuroidea 
Pawsonia  saxicola  (Brady  & Robertson) 

Ascidiacea 

Ciona  intestinalis  (L.) 

Clavelina  lepadiformis  (Muller) 
Morchellium  argus  (Milne  Edwards) 
Lissoclinum  perforatum  (Giard) 
Ascidielta  aspersa  (Muller) 

Botryllus  schtosseri  (Pallas) 

Diplosoma  sp. 

Thaliacea 

Salpa fusiformis  Cuvier 

Elasmobranchii 
Scyliorhinus  canicula  (L.) 

Teleostei 

Conger  conger  (L.) 

Clupea  harengus  L. 

Lophius piscatorius  (L.) 

Pott ac  hi  us  pollachius  (L.) 


70 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 


Vol.  107 


Pollachius  virens  (L.) 

Tri  sop  terns  luscus  (L.) 

Gastrosteus  aculeatus  L. 

Entelurus  aequoreus  (L.) 

Aspitrigla  cuculus  (L.) 

Eutrigla  gurnardus  (L.) 

Taurulus  bubalis  (Euphrasen) 

Liparis  montcigui  (Donovan) 

Labrus  bergylta  Ascanius 
Labrus  mixtus  L. 

Echiichthys  viper  a (Cuvier) 
Parablennius  gat  torn gine  (L.) 
Ammodytes  mar  in  us  Raitt 
Hyperoplus  lanceolatus  (Lesauvage) 
Callionymus  reticulatus  Valenciennes 
Thorogobius  ephippiatus  (Lowe) 
Scomber  scombrus  L. 

Limanda  limanda  (L.) 

P leu  rone  ctes  plate  ssa  L. 

Topknot  (Unidentified  species) 

Mammalia 

Halichoerus  grypus  Fabricius 


Mr.  James  R.  Ellis,  Marine  and  Environmental  Research  Group,  School  of  Biological 
Sciences,  University  of  Wales,  Singleton  Park,  SWANSEA  SA2  8PP. 

Mr.  Peter  S.  Cad  man,  Sea  Bait  Ltd,  3 Gerrard  Close, 

WHITLEY  BA  Y,  Tyne  and  Wear  NE26  4NS. 

Dr.  Stuart  B.  Piertney,  Department  of  Zoology, 

University  of  Aberdeen,  Tilly  drone  Avenue,  ABERDEEN  AB9  2TN. 

Mr.  Daniel  L.  Geiger,  Department  of  Biological  Sciences, 

Allan  Hancock  Foundation  Building  108,  University  of  Southern  California, 

LOS  ANGELES  CA  9008-037 1 ,U.S. A. 


1995 


Increase  of  the  Lesser  Rorqual  in  the  Clyde  Faunal  Area 


71 


INCREASE  OF  THE  LESSER  RORQUAL 
IN  THE  CLYDE  FAUNAL  AREA 


By  J.A.  GIBSON 
Clyde  Area  Recorder, 

Mammal  Society  of  the  British  Isles 


Previous  History 

The  Lesser  Rorqual  Balcienoptera  acutorostrata  (once  alternatively  known  as 
the  Pike  Whale,  and  more  recently  called  the  Minke  Whale)  was  formerly  one  of 
the  rarest  cetaceans  recorded  from  Clyde  waters.  Indeed  in  1954,  when  I 
published  my  first  account  of  the  mammals  of  the  Clyde  faunal  area  (Gibson, 
1954),  I could  trace  only  four  possible  strandings  or  captures  of  the  Lesser  Rorqual 
during  the  previous  150  years,  although  another  capture,  from  Dunbartonshire  in 
June  1905,  subsequently  came  to  light  (Gibson,  1989). 

Nearly  a quarter  of  a century  later,  in  my  separate  detailed  account  of  the 
marine  mammals  of  the  Clyde  area  (Gibson,  1976),  I could  record  no  more 
strandings  or  captures,  but  by  this  time  there  had  been  at  least  half-a-dozen  fairly 
reliable  sightings,  off  Ailsa  Craig,  in  the  Kilbrannan  Sound,  and  in  lower  Loch 
Fyne. 


Steady  Increase 

From  then  on  there  was  a slow  but  recognisable  increase  in  the  number  of 
sightings  of  Lesser  Rorquals,  mainly  from  the  above  same  areas  of  Clyde,  as 
recorded  in  the  series  of  Clyde  Vertebrate  Atlases,  and  this  was  accompanied  by 
marked  changes  in  the  status  of  some  other  Clyde  cetaceans. 

The  most  noticeable  change  was  the  quite  dramatic  decrease  in  the  occurrences 
of  the  Bottle-nosed  Whale  Hyperoodon  ampullatus , formerly  far  and  away  the 
commonest  large  cetacean  in  Clyde  waters,  with  a good  number  of  sightings  each 
year  and  numerous  strandings  reported  over  the  past  200  years.  By  the  mid-1980s, 
however,  the  Bottle-nosed  Whale  had  virtually  disappeared  from  Clyde  (Gibson, 
1986).  At  the  same  time  the  Killer  Whale  Orcinus  orca  continued  its  steady, 
indeed  relentless,  increase,  and  the  Common  Dolphin  Delphinus  delphis  increased 
from  probably  the  rarest  to  possibly  the  commonest  Clyde  dolphin  (Gibson,  1986). 


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The  Scottish  Naturalist 


Vol.  107 


By  the  mid-1980s  I was  beginning  to  see  Lesser  Rorquals  more  than 
occasionally  in  Clyde  waters,  whereas  ten  years  previously  even  one  sighting  had 
been  something  of  an  event.  From  then  on  the  increase  in  Lesser  Rorqual  sightings 
continued  and  accelerated,  with  many  records  from  the  lower  Clyde  sea  area,  off 
Ailsa  Craig,  in  Kilbrannan  Sound,  and  in  lower  Loch  Fyne. 

Present  Status 

The  Killer  Whale  is  now  unquestionably  the  commonest  large  cetacean  in  Clyde 
waters,  but  in  my  own  personal  experience  I now  make  nearly  as  many  sightings  of 
Lesser  Rorquals  as  Killers.  In  sheer  numbers,  of  course,  the  Killer  remains  the 
commonest  large  Clyde  cetacean,  for  Lesser  Rorquals  in  Clyde  are  usually  seen  as 
individuals  or  in  very  small  groups,  and  never  as  the  packs  in  which  Killers  are 
sometimes  seen,  e.g.  a pack  of  well  over  thirty  Killers  in  the  Kilbrannan  Sound  in 
May  1973  (Gibson,  1976). 

The  best  place  to  see  Lesser  Rorquals  in  the  Clyde  sea  area  remains  off  Ailsa 
Craig,  the  Kilbrannan  Sound,  north  of  Arran,  and  in  lower  Loch  Fyne.  Oddly 
enough,  until  quite  recently  I had  never  seen  a Lesser  Rorqual  in  the  east  part  of 
the  Sound  of  Bute  (Gibson,  1990),  from  where  I have  very  many  records  of 
cetaceans  over  the  past  half-century,  but  within  the  past  five  years  I have  had 
several  reliable  sightings.  I now  also  have  many  sightings  nearly  up  to  the  head  of 
Loch  Fyne,  in  Loch  Long,  and  far  up  the  River  Clyde,  off  Ardmore  and  Cardross, 
opposite  Port  Glasgow. 

In  this  respect,  it  is  perhaps  worth  drawing  attention  to  the  fact  that  cetaceans 
have  long  been  known  to  venture  far  up  the  River  Clyde,  even  in  the  days  when 
pollution  of  the  river  was  infinitely  greater  than  it  is  now  (Gibson,  1976).  The 
1905  Dunbartonshire  stranding  of  the  Lesser  Rorqual  was  at  Dumbarton  Rock 
(Gibson,  1989).  There  are  many  Bottle-nosed  Whale  records,  including  one  as  far 
up  the  river  as  Renfrew  in  1906  (Anon.,  1914;  Gibson  and  Anderson,  1972),  and 
there  are  older  records  of  Killers  in  the  White  Cart  river,  near  Renfrew  (Gibson  and 
Anderson,  1972). 

Nowadays,  several  cetacean  species  are  regularly  seen  far  up  the  River  Clyde, 
but  the  most  remarkable  occurrence  must  remain  the  Common  Dolphin  seen 
jumping  in  Princes  Dock,  in  the  centre  of  the  city  of  Glasgow  (Sutcliffe,  1983), 
which  "was  photographed  by  one  of  the  staff  of  the  Daily  Record  newspaper,  from 
the  very  offices  of  which,  overlooking  the  dock,  the  dolphin  had  first  been  seen!" 
(Gibson,  1986).  For  those  unfamiliar  with  the  local  geography,  this  is  just  about  as 
far  up  the  river  as  anything  can  possibly  go,  since  the  weir  then  obstructs  any 
further  progress.  As  yet,  however,  the  furthest  point  up  the  river  where  I have 
seen  a Lesser  Rorqual  is  still  just  off  Port  Glasgow. 


1995 


Increase  of  the  Lesser  Rorqual  in  the  Clyde  Faunal  Area 


73 


Summary 

During  the  past  twenty  years,  therefore,  the  Lesser  Rorqual  has  increased  in 
status  from  being  one  of  the  least  common  large  cetaceans  in  the  Clyde  to 
becoming  a very  regular  visitor.  Over  the  past  seven  years  I myself  have  averaged 
up  to  half-a-dozen  sightings  a year,  and  other  sightings  have  been  reported.  This, 
moreover,  is  during  a period  when  another  large  cetacean,  the  Bottle-nosed  Whale, 
has  almost  completely  disappeared. 

I have  now  been  recording  cetaceans  in  the  Clyde  sea  area  for  well  over  fifty 
years.  Half  a century  ago  I personally  had  never  seen  a Lesser  Rorqual  in  the 
Clyde;  a quarter  of  a century  ago  I was  beginning  to  see  the  odd  one;  now  I can 
make  a small  but  regular  number  of  sightings  each  year  from  all  over  the  Clyde  sea 
area,  including  nearly  to  the  head  of  the  great  sea  lochs  and  as  far  up  the  river  as 
Port  Glasgow.  I have  no  doubts  whatsoever  that  this  represents  a very  genuine 
increase.  Needless  to  say,  I shall  always  be  glad  to  receive  any  information  on 
additional  sightings,  particularly  from  less  obvious  parts  of  the  Clyde  faunal  area. 
Information  on  changes  in  recorded  status  from  other  parts  of  Scotland  will  also  be 
welcome. 

References 

Anon.  (1914).  Whales  in  the  Clyde.  Glasgow  Herald,  20th  February  1914. 

Gibson,  J.A.  (1954).  The  Mammals  of  the  Clyde  Faunal  Area.  Paisley:  The 
Museum.  Reprinted,  with  additions,  from  Transactions  of  the  Paisley 
Naturalists'  Society,  6:  1-46. 

Gibson,  J.A.  (1976).  The  marine  mammals  of  the  Clyde  faunal  area.  Western 
Naturalist,  5:  3-39. 

Gibson,  J.A.  (1986).  Recent  changes  in  the  status  of  some  Clyde  vertebrates. 

Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh,  90B:  451-467. 

Gibson,  J.A.  (1989).  The  first  record  of  the  Lesser  Rorqual  in  Dunbartonshire: 
evidence  from  an  early  photograph.  Scottish  Naturalist,  101:  97-100. 

Gibson,  J.A.  (1990).  Some  recent  notes  on  Bute  mammals.  Transactions  of  the 
Buteshire  Natural  History  Society,  23:  65-79. 

Gibson,  J.A.  and  Anderson,  J.  (1972).  The  mammals  of  Renfrewshire.  Western 
Naturalist,  1:69-108. 

Sutcliffe,  R.  (1983).  Common  Dolphin  in  the  River  Clyde  in  Glasgow.  Glasgow 
Naturalist,  20:  372-373. 


Dr.  J.A.  Gibson,  Scottish  Natural  History  Library, 
Foremount  House,  K/LBARCHAN,  Renfrewshire  PA  10  2EZ. 


1995 


Notes  on  the  Bumble-bees  of  the  Cumbrae  Islands 


75 


NOTES  ON  THE  BUMBLE-BEES  OF  THE  CUMBRAE 
ISLANDS 

By  J.A.  GIBSON 

Buteshire  Natural  History  Society 


Introduction 

For  the  past  fifty  years  I have  been  making  regular  visits  to  both  the  Great  and 
Little  Cumbrae  islands.  The  main  purpose  of  my  visits  has  usually  been  to 
investigate  the  vertebrates,  and  accounts  have  already  been  published  of  the 
mammals  (Gibson  and  Shillaker,  1974),  breeding  birds  (Gibson,  1957  and  1969), 
reptiles  and  amphibians  (Gibson,  1976),  plus  an  Atlas  of  all  vertebrates  (Gibson, 
1980),  but  in  addition  I also  published  a short  account  of  the  butterflies  seen 
(Gibson,  1982). 

For  many  years,  however,  I have  also  taken  a considerable  interest  in  bumble- 
bees (Genus  Bomhus ) and  the  closely-allied  cuckoo-bees  (Genus  Psithyrus ),  and 
always  kept  notes  about  any  bees  I saw  on  the  Cumbraes.  To  the  best  of  my 
knowledge,  no  separate  account  of  the  bees  of  the  Cumbrae  islands  has  previously 
appeared,  so  I hope  that  these  notes  on  distribution,  collected  casually  over  the 
past  fifty  years  and  fairly  intensively  during  the  past  fifteen  years,  will  be  of  interest 
to  other  observers. 

In  addition  to  these  notes  on  the  bees  of  the  Cumbraes,  I recently  published  an 
account  of  the  bumble-bees  and  cuckoo-bees  of  the  neighbouring  Buteshire  islands 
of  Bute  and  Inchmarnock  (Gibson,  1990a  and  1990b).  As  far  as  I have  been  able 
to  discover,  however,  there  are  very  few  differences  in  the  bee  populations  of  these 
two  groups  of  adjacent  Buteshire  islands,  which  is  probably  what  one  would 
expect. 

Brief  Description  of  the  Islands 

As  far  as  the  occurrence  of  bumble-bees  on  offshore  islands  is  concerned,  the 
main  points  of  interest  are  distance  of  the  island  from  the  mainland,  size,  and 
vegetation/habitat.  The  Great  Cumbrae  measures  some  three  miles  north-south  by 
nearly  two  miles  west-east,  and  covers  over  5,000  acres.  The  south  bay  contains 
the  small  town  and  popular  holiday  resort  of  Millport.  The  island  rises  to  a 
maximum  height  of  415  feet,  with  a sporting  18-hole  golf  course  near  the  summit. 
Most  of  the  island  is  farmed,  with  areas  of  rough  moorland  with  heather  and 


76 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 


Vol.  107 


bracken  on  the  higher  ground.  The  Little  Cumbrae,  lying  about  three-quarters  of  a 
mile  to  the  south,  is  roughly  triangular  in  shape,  measures  some  one  and  three- 
quarter  miles  by  three-quarters  of  a mile,  covers  723  acres,  and  rises  to  a height  of 
409  feet;  it  is  uninhabited  apart  from  the  lighthouse  (now  converted  to  automatic) 
on  the  west  and  the  owner's  house  on  the  east.  Most  of  the  island  is  covered  with 
rough  moorland  vegetation  of  bracken  and  heather.  The  two  islands  lie  in  the  Firth 
of  Clyde,  with  the  Great  Cumbrae  some  one  and  a half  miles  from  the  north 
Ayrshire  coast  and  the  Little  Cumbrae  the  same  distance  from  the  south  end  of  the 
Island  of  Bute. 


Identification  Method 

Identification  is  fairly  straightforward  for  several  of  the  larger  and  more 
common  species  of  bees,  but  for  the  more  unusual  or  smaller  species  I had  to 
devise  some  method  to  assist  accurate  field  identification,  which  is  not  easy  for 
some  species.  The  method  I use  for  identification  is  to  catch  and  imprison  the  bee 
for  a short  time  in  a clear  plastic  cup  with  a lid.  This  makes  close  and  detailed 
examination  easily  possible,  and  identification,  when  immediately  compared  to  a 
suitable  key,  usually  reliable.  It  also  avoids  any  real  harm  to  the  bee  or  danger  to 
the  observer.  It  makes  good  sense  to  take  care  when  examining  bees,  since  the 
sting  of  some  species  can  be  surprisingly  severe,  particularly  if  one  has  been 
previously  stung  and  possibly  sensitized. 

For  many  years  now  I have  been  in  the  habit  of  carrying  this  small  plastic  cup 
with  me  whenever  I am  out  on  fieldwork  of  any  kind,  and  it  has  considerably 
increased  the  information  I have  been  able  to  gather  on  bee  distribution.  Without 
this  useful  aid  to  identification  I would  unquestionably  have  been  unable  to  identify 
many  of  the  smaller  or  more  unusual  bees  with  the  degree  of  accuracy  required, 
and  therefore  many  records  would  probably  have  been  missed. 


Identification  Keys 

The  identification  book  I originally  used  was  Edward  Step's  Bees,  Wasps, 
Ants  and  Allied  Insects  of  the  British  Isles  (1932),  which  as  a boy  I purchased 
nearly  sixty  years  ago,  and  still  value,  but  within  recent  years  I have  used  Dr.  D.V 
Alford's  Bumblebees  (1975),  which  has  more  detailed  identification  keys  and 
illustrations,  and  also  has  the  advantage  of  up-to-date  classification  and 
nomenclature.  These  two  works  have  enabled  me  to  identify  nearly  all  the  bees  I 
have  found. 


1995 


Notes  on  the  Bumble-bees  of  the  Cumbrae  Islands 


77 


Information  on  Distribution 


The  following  notes  on  the  distribution  of  bumble-bees  on  the  Cumbraes  are 
entirely  personal,  but  at  least  a start  has  been  made,  and  needless  to  say,  if  any 
other  naturalists  know  of  any  additional  published  or  unpublished  records,  I shall 
be  most  grateful  to  have  these  drawn  to  my  attention.  It  may  be  helpful  to  other 
observers  to  emphasize  the  large  number  of  records  which  occur  in  association 
with  brambles  or  thistles  at  shore-level,  and  with  heather  on  the  moors. 


I do  not  believe  that  my  list  contains  anything  particularly  unusual  or  very 
different  from  the  bees  to  be  found  on  the  neighbouring  Ayrshire  mainland. 
Nevertheless,  I consider  it  is  always  worth  while  recording  what  has  been  found  on 
two  adjacent  islands  some  one  and  a half  miles  offshore. 

The  islands  of  Great  and  Little  Cumbrae  occupy  the  major  part  of  the  Ordnance 
Survey  10-kilometre  square  NS  15,  which  also  contains  small  parts  of  the  adjacent 
Ayrshire  mainland  and  the  neighbouring  Island  of  Bute  To  my  personal  notes  I 
have  therefore  added  any  additional  records  for  square  NS  15  given  in  the  national 
distribution  Atlas,  the  Atlas  of  the  Bumblebees  of  the  British  Isles  (Alford, 
1980),  making  an  assumption  that  these  NS  15  records  presumably  refer  to  the 
Cumbraes,  although  without  any  other  knowledge  as  to  the  origin  of  the  records. 
These  instances  are  made  clear  in  the  text. 


English  Names 

With  regard  to  the  English  names  of  bees  it  is  apparently  the  practice  nowadays 
not  to  use  these  in  scientific  work  (Alford,  1975  and  1980),  but  sixty  years  ago,  as 
a boy  just  becoming  interested  in  bees,  I learned  these  names  from  Edward  Step's 
book  and  from  the  senior  naturalists  of  my  early  days,  so  have  continued  to  use 
them  ever  since  in  day-to-day  description.  Even  although  these  English  names  may 
seem  to  be  somewhat  contrived,  they  have  now  been  in  use  for  generations  and  I 
am  sure  that  they  are  useful  to  the  average  naturalist,  so  the  English  names  are  also 
included  in  the  Systematic  List. 

The  original  English  name  for  the  Genus  Bombus  was  Humble-Bee.  This  was 
certainly  the  version  commonly  used  up  till  the  time  of  Step  (1932),  but  by  the 
1940s  the  name  Bumble-Bee  appears  to  have  been  preferred,  and  has  remained  the 
name  in  general  use  ever  since. 


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Systematic  List 

Most  naturalists  will  be  aware  that  there  are  two  distinct  types  of  bumble-bees, 
the  working  species  (Genus  Bomhus ),  i.e.  the  true  bumble-bees,  and  the  non- 
working species  (Genus  Psithyrus ),  the  so-called  cuckoo-bees  because  of  their 
inquiline  habits.  The  cuckoo-bees  depend  for  their  existence  on  the  true  bumble- 
bees, in  whose  nests  they  are  reared. 

In  the  following  Systematic  List  the  arrangement  and  nomenclature  follow 
Alford  (1975). 


Genus  Bombus 

BROKEN-BELTED  BUMBLE-BEE  Bombus  soroeensis 

Not  common,  with  less  than  a dozen  records  during  the  past  fifty  years,  all  from 
Little  Cumbrae.  No  record  from  Great  Cumbrae.  Alford  (1980)  lists  pre-1960 
records  for  NS  15. 

SMALL  EARTH  BUMBLE-BEE  Bombus  lucorum 

One  of  the  commonest  species  on  Great  Cumbrae;  widely  distributed,  and  in 
numbers  second  only  to  hortorum ; found  from  gardens  to  the  moors.  Also 
common  on  Little  Cumbrae. 

LARGE  EARTH  BUMBLE-BEE  Bombus  magnus 

[At  one  time  regarded  as  a variety  of  lucorum,  but  now  considered  to  be  a 
separate  species  (Alford,  1975).  I have  no  record  from  the  Cumbraes,  but  Alford 
(1980)  gives  a pre-1960  from  NS  15]. 

BUFF-TAILED  BUMBLE-BEE  Bombus  terrestris 

Fairly  common  and  widely  distributed  on  Great  Cumbrae,  although  in  numbers 
not  nearly  so  common  as  pratorum  or  lucorum ; probably  about  one  terrestris  to 
some  twenty  pratorum.  Found  more  in  the  gardens  and  on  lower  ground;  rare  on 
moorland,  but  a good  many  records  from  Little  Cumbrae.  Somewhat  surprisingly, 
Alford  (1980)  gives  no  record  from  NS  15. 

HEATH  BUMBLE-BEE  Bombus  jonel/us 

Fairly  well  distributed  over  both  islands,  but  virtually  confined  to  the  heather 
moors,  as  one  might  expect  from  the  English  name.  In  numbers,  much  the  same  as 
terrestris. 


1995 


Notes  on  the  Bumble-bees  of  the  Cumbrae  Islands 


79 


EARLY  BUMBLE-BEE  Bombus pratorum 

Fairly  common  and  widely  distributed  on  Great  Cumbrae.  Nor  so  common  on 
the  moors,  but  a good  many  records  for  Little  Cumbrae. 


LARGE  RED-TAILED  BUMBLE-BEE  Bombus  lapidarius 

Rare,  but  I have  a few  records  extending  back  for  nearly  fifty  years  from  both 
islands.  Virtually  all  records  very  close  to  the  shore-line,  and  nearly  all  from 
thistles.  Pre-1960  records  from  NS  15  given  by  Alford  (1980). 


SMALL  GARDEN  BUMBLE-BEE  Bombus  hortorum 

Abundant  and  widely  distributed  in  all  areas,  from  shore  to  moors.  By  far  the 
commonest  species  of  bee  on  both  islands. 

MOSS  CARDER-BEE  Bombus  muscorum 

Small  numbers,  but  fairly  well  distributed  on  both  islands,  mainly  around  the 
coastal  areas;  less  common  on  moorland. 


COMMON  CARDER-BEE  Bombus pascuorum 

Less  common  than  muscorum,  but  records  from  both  islands.  Most  often  seen 
in  very  warm  weather,  and  not  often  found  in  very  exposed  situations.  Pre-1960 
records  given  for  NS  1 5 by  Alford  ( 1 980). 


Genus  Psithyrus 


GIPSY  CUCKOO-BEE  Psithyrus  bohemicus 

Fairly  common  and  widely  distributed  on  both  islands.  An  inquiline  of  Bombus 
lucorum , whose  distribution  it  follows.  Pre-1960  records  from  NS  15  given  by 
Alford  (1980). 

BARBUT'S  CUCKOO-BEE  Psithyrus  barbutellus 

Fairly  common  and  widely  distributed  on  both  islands.  An  inquiline  of  Bombus 
hortorum,  the  commonest  bee  on  the  Cumbraes,  whose  distribution  it  follows. 
Pre-1960  records  from  NS  15  given  by  Alford  (1980). 


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Vol.  107 


FIELD  CUCKOO-BEE  Psithyrus  campestris 

An  inquiline  of  Bombus pascuorum.  Alford  (1975)  says  that  this  "is  a relatively 
common  and  widespread  species",  and  lists  it  for  NS  15  (1980),  which  probably 
refers  to  the  Cumbraes.  I,  however,  have  no  personal  record. 


Summary 

Possibly  thirteen  species  of  bumble-bees  have  been  recorded  for  the  Great  and 
Little  Cumbrae,  and  I have  seen  eleven  of  these  species  myself  By  far  the 
commonest  are  hortonim  and  lucorum,  followed  by  their  inquilines  bohemicus  and 
barbutellus,  which  together  comprise  the  vast  majority  of  the  entire  Cumbrae  bee 
population.  In  my  limited  experience  the  other  species  are  all  comparatively 
uncommon  or  rare,  but  this,  of  course,  may  simply  be  because  they  are  difficult  to 
identify  or  are  inconspicuous,  and  indeed  I strongly  suspect  I would  never  have 
noticed  some  species  at  all  had  I not  developed  the  routine  habit  of  trapping  and 
examining  any  bee  which  seemed  unusual. 

It  is  hoped,  therefore,  that  the  publication  of  the  above  short  species  list  may 
stimulate  others  to  add  to  the  known  information  about  the  distribution  of  bees  on 
islands  in  the  West  of  Scotland 


References 

Alford,  D.V.  (1975).  Bumblebees.  London:  Davis-Poynter. 

Alford,  D.V.  (Ed.)  (1980).  Atlas  of  the  Bumblebees  of  the  British  Isles.  London: 
International  Bee  Research  Association;  and  Huntingdon:  Biological  Records 
Centre,  Institute  of  Terrestrial  Ecology. 

Gibson,  J.A.  (1957).  Notes  on  the  birds  of  the  Great  Cumbrae.  Glasgow  Bird 
Bulletin,  6:  5-6. 

Gibson,  J.A.  (1969).  Breeding  birds  of  the  Little  Cumbrae.  Transactions  of  the 
Buteshire  Natural  History  Society,  17:  109-1 14. 

Gibson,  J.A.  (1976).  The  reptiles  and  amphibians  of  the  Cumbraes  and  some  other 
Clyde  islands.  Transactions  of  the  Buteshire  Natural  History  Society,  20:  68- 
70. 

Gibson,  J.A.  (1980).  An  Atlas  of  Bute  and  Cumbrae  Vertebrates.  Rothesay: 
Buteshire  Natural  History  Society. 

Gibson,  J.A.  (1982).  Notes  on  the  butterflies  of  the  Cumbrae  islands.  Western 
Naturalist,  11:  5-8. 


1995 


Notes  on  the  Bumble-bees  of  the  Cumbrae  Islands 


81 


Gibson,  J.A.  (1990a).  Collected  notes  on  the  bumble-bees  of  the  Island  of  Bute. 
Transactions  of  the  Buteshire  Natural  History  Society,  23:  47-50. 

Gibson,  J.A.  (1990b).  Notes  on  the  cuckoo-bees  of  the  Island  of  Bute. 
Transactions  of  the  Buteshire  Natural  History  Society,  23:  51 . 

Gibson,  J.A.  and  Shillaker,  R.O.  (1974).  Notes  on  the  mammals  of  the  Cumbrae 
Islands.  Western  Naturalist,  3:  23-30. 

Step,  E.  (1932).  Bees,  Wasps,  Ants  and  Allied  Insects  of  the  British  Isles.  London: 
Warne. 


Dr.  J.A.  Gibson,  Scottish  Natural  History  Library, 
Foremount  House,  KILBARCHAN,  Renfrewshire  PA  10  2EZ. 


THE  SCOTTISH  NATURALIST 

Founded  1871 

A Journal  of  Scottish  Natural  History 

With  which  is  incorporated  The  Annals  of  Scottish  Natural  History 

and  The  Western  Naturalist 


Record  of  Publication 


The  Scottish  Naturalist  and  Journal  of  the  Perthshire 
Society  of  Natural  Science 

1871 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 

1872-1891 


The  Annals  of  Scottish  Natural  History 

1892-1911 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 

1912-1939,  1948-1957,  1961-1964 


The  Western  Naturalist 

1972-1982 


The  Scottish  Naturalist 

1983-date 


Published  by  The  Scottish  Natural  History  Library 


THE  SCOTTISH  NATURALIST 


Founded  1 871 

A Journal  of  Scottish  Natural  History 

With  which  is  incorporated  The  Annals  of  Scottish  Natural  History 

and  The  Western  Naturalist 


1 07th  Year 


1995 


CONTENTS 
1995  - Part  1 


The  New  Statistical  Account  of  Scotland,  1834-45: 

Correct  Publication  Dates  of  the  Parish  Accounts 

By  Dr.  J.A.  Gibson  3-52 

The  Marine  Fauna  of  the  St.  Kilda  Archipelago 

By  Mr.  J.R.  Ellis,  Mr.  P S.  Cadman,  Dr.  S.B.  Piertney  and 
Mr.  D.L.  Geiger  53-70 

Increase  of  the  Lesser  Rorqual  in  the  Clyde  Faunal  Area 

By  Dr.  J.A.  Gibson  71-73 

Notes  on  the  Bumble-bees  of  the  Cunibrae  Islands 

By  Dr.  J.A.  Gibson  75-81 


Published  by  The  Scottish  Natural  History  Library